Bacterial diversity associated with a newly described bioeroding sponge, Cliona thomasi , from the coral reefs on the We
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Bacterial diversity associated with a newly described bioeroding sponge, Cliona thomasi, from the coral reefs on the West Coast of India Sambhaji Mote 1,2 & Vishal Gupta 1,3
&
Kalyan De 1,4 & Mandar Nanajkar 1 & Samir R. Damare 1 & Baban Ingole 1
Received: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2020
Abstract The bacterial diversity associated with eroding sponges belonging to the Cliona viridis species complex is scarcely known. Cliona thomasi described from the West Coast of India is a new introduction to the viridis species complex. In this study, we determined the bacterial diversity associated with C. thomasi using next-generation sequencing. The results revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria followed by Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Among Proteobacteria, the Alphaproteobacteria were found to be the most dominant class. Furthermore, at the genus level, Rhodothalassium were highly abundant followed by Endozoicomonas in sponge samples. The beta-diversity and species richness measures showed remarkably lower diversity in Cliona thomasi than the ambient environment. The determined lower bacterial diversity in C. thomasi than the environmental samples, thus, categorized it as a low microbial abundance (LMA). Functional annotation of the C. thomasi–associated bacterial community indicates their possible role in photo-autotrophy, aerobic nitrification, coupling of sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidization. The present study unveils the bacterial diversity in bioeroding C. thomasi, which is a crucial step to determine the functions of the sponge holobiont in coral reef ecosystem.
Introduction Marine sponges (phylum Porifera), one of the oldest multicellular animals (Metazoa), are an essential component of aquatic benthic communities (Wulff 2001; de Goeij et al. 2013). Sponges are also important members of coastal food webs and biogeochemical cycles and play a vital role in marine habitats by providing a significant number of important ecosystem Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-02000830-4. * Vishal Gupta [email protected]; [email protected] * Baban Ingole [email protected] 1
CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
2
Department of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
3
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
4
School of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
services such as the establishment of a 3-dimensional structure that generates habitat for other organisms, water purification and nutrient cycling (Bell 2008). Interestingly, sponges are known to harbour the highest number of prokaryotic symbionts along with other invertebrates (Webster and Thomas 2016). Furthermore, the prokaryotic sponge symbionts were found to be stable, to a certain extent, at dif
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