Basic Science of Bone and Cartilage Metabolism
Bone is a biphasic connective tissue consisting of an inorganic mineral phase and an organic matrix phase. The hardness of bone allows it to provide several specialized mechanical functions: the protection of internal organs, the scaffold providing points
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Sam W. Wiesel · John N. Delahay Editors
Essentials of Orthopedic Surgery Fourth Edition
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Editors Sam W. Wiesel, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Georgetown University Medical Center 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC 20007, USA [email protected]
John N. Delahay Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Georgetown University Medical Center 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC 20007, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-1388-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1389-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1389-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932335 First edition, Essentials of Orthopaedic Surgery © 1993 W.B. Saunders Company. Second edition, Essentials of Orthopaedic Surgery © 1997 W.B. Saunders Company. Third edition, Essentials of Orthopedic Surgery © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This text is dedicated to Maxwell Vickery Wiesel and Benjamin Norris Delahay who are our most recent grandchildren. They have brought joy, excitement, and happiness to our families. Sam W. Wiesel, MD John N. Delahay, MD
Preface
The fourth edition of the Essentials of Orthopedic Surgery is directed to students who are beginning their study of the musculoskeletal system. This would include medical students and residents interested in orthopedic surgery, physiatry, rheumatology, emergency medicine, family medicine, and general internal medicine. Each chapter has been updated to reflect current material and we have tried to keep to a standardized format as much as possible. Every topic is presented from a practical point of view. Decision making for each topic is highlighted. Algorithms are the key for each chapter and each decision point is based on either a standard or a guideline in the literature. We hope that when students are confronted with a specific clinical pr
