Benign Diseases of the Mesentery and Omentum
The mesentery and the greater omentum are two, representative, intraperitoneal, fat planes. Mesenteries, including the small-bowel mesentery, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid mesentery, represent the reflection of the peritoneum on the bowel surface and
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Jung Hoon Kim
Contents 21.1
Misty Mesentery .............................................................................................................................
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21.2
Mesenteric Panniculitis and Sclerosing Mesenteritis ..................................................................
528
21.3
Peritonitis.........................................................................................................................................
529
21.4
Omentum Torsion and Infarction .................................................................................................
529
21.5
Mesenteric Injuries and Hematomas ............................................................................................
530
21.6
Benign Mesenteric Tumors ............................................................................................................
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21.7
Illustrations: Benign Diseases of the Mesentery and Omentum ................................................
532
References ...................................................................................................................................................
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J.H. Kim Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea e-mail: [email protected] B.I. Choi (ed.), Radiology Illustrated: Gastrointestinal Tract, Radiology Illustrated, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55412-4_21, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
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J.H. Kim
Abbreviations CT HU MRI PET SEP T1WI T2WI US
Computed tomography Hounsfield unit Magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis T1-weighted image T2-weighted image Ultrasound
Introduction
The mesentery and the greater omentum are two, representative, intraperitoneal, fat planes. Mesenteries, including the small-bowel mesentery, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid mesentery, represent the reflection of the peritoneum on the bowel surface and suspend both the small and large bowel. They are composed of two layers containing the vessels, lymphatics, lymph nodes, nerves, and variable amounts of fat and connective tissue. The greater omentum is the largest peritoneal fold in the abdominal cavity. It originates from the stomach and the proximal portion of the duodenum and extends into the anterosuperior aspect of the transverse colon. Various pathologic conditions involving the mesentery and the greater omentum are commonly seen in daily clinical practice. Because the mesentery and the omentum are somewhat movable and they do not have specific or regular shape, it is important to determine and characterize the various pathologic conditions involving the mesentery and the greater omentum in order to guarantee a correct diagnosis and proper treatment planning. In this chapter, we review the various pathologic conditions involving the mesentery and the greater omentum.
21.1
Misty Mesentery
The misty mesentery, first described by Mindelzun et al. in 1996, describes an increase in the mesenteric fat density, as s
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