Malignant Diseases of the Mesentery and Omentum
The most common malignant disease of the peritoneum is peritoneal carcinomatosis, a condition that can originate from carcinoma anywhere on the body. It manifests as diffuse linear or nodular peritoneal thickening, multiple seeding nodules, mesenteric inf
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Yong Eun Chung
Contents 22.1
Liposarcoma ....................................................................................................................................
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22.2
Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Hemangiopericytoma) .........................................................................
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22.3
Malignant Mesothelioma ...............................................................................................................
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22.4
Peritoneal Lymphomatosis.............................................................................................................
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22.5
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ...............................................................................................................
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22.6
Peritoneal Seeding ..........................................................................................................................
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22.7
Illustrations: Malignant Disease of the Mesentery and Omentum ............................................
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References ...................................................................................................................................................
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Y.E. Chung Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea e-mail: [email protected] B.I. Choi (ed.), Radiology Illustrated: Gastrointestinal Tract, Radiology Illustrated, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55412-4_22, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
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Y.E. Chung
Introduction
The most common malignant disease of the peritoneum is peritoneal carcinomatosis, a condition that can originate from carcinoma anywhere on the body. It manifests as diffuse linear or nodular peritoneal thickening, multiple seeding nodules, mesenteric infiltration, and omental cake. When a radiologist encounters these findings, his/her first impression might be peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, these findings are not specific and other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and disseminated histoplasmosis and neoplastic diseases including malignant mesothelioma, lymphomatosis, and even primary peritoneal carcinoma can manifest with nearly similar imaging findings. Hence, the radiologist should be familiar with differential imaging clues between these diseases and should consider differential diagnoses other than peritoneal carcinomatosis even if the patient has a known primary neoplasm in another part of the body and even though the incidence of diseases other than carcinomatosis is relatively rare. Because treatment plans and patient prognosis completely differ depending on diagnosis, if there are any suspicious findings suggestive of disease other than peritoneal carcinomatosis, further diagnostic procedures such as aspiration cytology of ascites or peritoneal biopsy, either surgical or imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy, should be recommended. If a mass does not have specific imaging findings such as the gross fat component in liposarcoma, a localized peritoneal mass is usually difficult to diagno
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