Radionuclide Imaging of Benign Pulmonary Diseases
Molecular imaging, which is based on the ability to image alterations underlying diseases at the subcellular, molecular level, has the potential not only to detect disease early on—before anatomic abnormalities become obvious at morphologic imaging—but al
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Federica Guidoccio, Edoardo Airò, and Giuliano Mariani
Contents 21.1 General Background on the Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Benign Pulmonary Diseases
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21.2 Anatomy of the Lungs
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21.3 Radiopharmaceuticals Used in Benign Pulmonary Diseases
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21.4 Lung Perfusion Imaging
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21.5 Lung Ventilation Scintigraphy with Radioaerosol
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21.6 Lung Ventilation Scintigraphy with Inert Radioactive Gases 21.6.1 Ventilation Imaging with 133Xe 21.6.2 Ventilation Imaging with 81mKr
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21.7 Sequence of Imaging
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21.8 SPECT/Low-Dose CT (SPECT/CT)
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21.9 Ga-Citrate Scintigraphy
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21.10 Clinical Indications
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21.11 Acute Pulmonary Embolism
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21.12 Follow-Up of Patients After Acute Pulmonary Embolism
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21.13 Obstructive Lung Disease
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21.14 Quantification of Differential Pulmonary Function Before Pulmonary Surgery
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21.15 Interstitial Lung Disease
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References
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Learning Objectives
• Understand the basic notions on pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the most common benign pulmonary diseases that can be managed with the help of radionuclide imaging. F. Guidoccio (*) · G. Mariani Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy E. Airò Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana Gabriele Monastero, Pisa, Italy
• Acquire information on anatomy and physiology of the lungs as they relate to the distribution of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals that can be utilized for imaging in patients with benign pulmonary diseases. • Learn the protocols utilized for lung perfusion scintigraphy and lung ventilation scintigraphy. • Learn the protocols utilized for 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy. • Understand the clinical indications for employing radionuclide imaging in patients with benign pulmonary diseases, including acute pulmonary embolism, obstructive lung disease, and interstitial lung disease.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 D. Volterrani et al. (eds.), Nuclear Medicine Textbook, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95564-3_21
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21.1 G eneral Background on the Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Benign Pulmonary Diseases
F. Guidoccio et al.
death in 13% of autopsies [5]. In the absence of risk factors, PE is rare in children under 15 years of age (
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