Beyond the target area: an integrative view of tDCS-induced motor cortex modulation in patients and athletes
- PDF / 3,524,176 Bytes
- 29 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 5 Downloads / 148 Views
(2019) 16:141
REVIEW
Open Access
Beyond the target area: an integrative view of tDCS-induced motor cortex modulation in patients and athletes Edgard Morya1,2, Kátia Monte-Silva3,4, Marom Bikson5, Zeinab Esmaeilpour5, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli Jr6, Andre Fonseca2,6, Tommaso Bocci7, Faranak Farzan8, Raaj Chatterjee8, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff9, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado10, André Russowsky Brunoni11, Eva Mezger12, Luciane Aparecida Moscaleski2,6, Rodrigo Pegado13, João Ricardo Sato6, Marcelo Salvador Caetano6, Kátia Nunes Sá4,14, Clarice Tanaka4,15, Li Min Li2, Abrahão Fontes Baptista2,4,6,14,15 and Alexandre Hideki Okano2,4,6,10*
Abstract Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique used to modulate neural tissue. Neuromodulation apparently improves cognitive functions in several neurologic diseases treatment and sports performance. In this study, we present a comprehensive, integrative review of tDCS for motor rehabilitation and motor learning in healthy individuals, athletes and multiple neurologic and neuropsychiatric conditions. We also report on neuromodulation mechanisms, main applications, current knowledge including areas such as language, embodied cognition, functional and social aspects, and future directions. We present the use and perspectives of new developments in tDCS technology, namely high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) which promises to overcome one of the main tDCS limitation (i.e., low focality) and its application for neurological disease, pain relief, and motor learning/rehabilitation. Finally, we provided information regarding the Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) in clinical applications, Cerebellar tDCS (ctDCS) and its influence on motor learning, and TMS combined with electroencephalography (EEG) as a tool to evaluate tDCS effects on brain function. Keywords: Neuromodulation, Non-invasive brain stimulation, Motor rehabilitation, Motor learning, Motor performance, Sport, HD-tDCS, tsDCS, ctDCS, TMS-evoked potential, Connectivity
Introduction Transcranial electrical stimulation has recently attracted considerable scientific interest due to its ability to modulate brain functioning. From a historical perspective, ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle were both aware of the torpedo fish electrical discharges capacity to elicit therapeutic effects [1, 2]. The use of a live torpedo fish on the scalp to cure headaches might indeed be classified as an early form of transcranial * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/ CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil 4 Núcleo de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação (NAPeN), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)/Universidade de São Paulo (USP)/ Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID)/Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Santo André, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
direct c
Data Loading...
