Bio-oil production from Moringa oleifera Lam. residue through fixed-bed pyrolysis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Bio‑oil production from Moringa oleifera Lam. residue through fixed‑bed pyrolysis Samia Tássia Andrade Maciel1 · Jorge Henrique Cardoso Reis2 · Gabriel Francisco da Silva2,3 · Lisiane dos Santos Freitas4 Received: 8 May 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química 2020
Abstract The thermal degradation of lignocellulosic materials is one of the most promising approaches for obtaining energy sources and chemical products. In this study, the chemical and thermochemical characterization of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds and residues showed that biomass can potentially be used to produce energy through a thermochemical conversion process. The seeds and biomasses of Moringa oleifera Lam. were submitted to pyrolysis, the main method of thermochemical conversion. Pyrolysis reactions were conducted in a stainless steel fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric nitrogen pressure, temperatures of 500–600 °C and N 2 gas flow of 1 and 3 mL min−1. The calorific value of the biomass ranged from 17 to 21 MJ/kg. The results obtained in the optimization of the pyrolysis conditions in a fixed-bed reactor, the temperature of 600 °C, and N 2 flow of 1 mL min−1, were selected. The chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) of the bio-oil allowed the identification and semiquantification of the different chemical classes present in the bio-oils (acids, phenols, oleonitriles, hydrocarbons, aromatics, ketones, aldehydes, ether, amines, amides, alcohol). High content of carboxylic acids (superior values 70%) was observed for the seeds and mechanical residue, and a high content of phenolic and nitrogen compounds, with 43% in both cases, for the Soxhlet residue. The moringa residues can be considered as a productive source of bioproducts, significantly reducing the harmful effects of chemicals originating from fossil fuels, while minimizing the disposal of waste into the environment. Keywords Moringa oleifera Lam. · Residues · Pyrolysis · Bio-oil
Introduction Bio-oil, also known as condensable vapor or pyrolysis oil, is the liquid product of biomass pyrolysis. Bio-oils are complex mixtures of oxygenates of different size molecules derived from the depolymerization and fragmentation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Zhang et al. 2007). They are renewable liquid fuels, which is their main advantage over petroleum derivatives, and they can be used to produce * Samia Tássia Andrade Maciel [email protected] 1
Escola de Química, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949 909, Brazil
2
Petroleum Engineering Center, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE 49100 000, Brazil
3
Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE 49100 000, Brazil
4
Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE 49100 000, Brazil
various chemicals (Veses et al. 2015). Research on bio-oil is growing due to the need to address energy deficiencies in the oil industry and t
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