Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera : Chemical and Biological Approaches
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera: Chemical and Biological Approaches Norma A. Lopez-Rodriguez 1 & Marcela Gaytán-Martínez 1 & María de la Luz Reyes-Vega 1 & Guadalupe Loarca-Piña 1 Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Alternative therapies, such as phytotherapy, are considered to improve the health status of people with chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs). In this regard, Moringa oleifera is currently being studied for its nutritional value and its total phenolic content. Besides phenolic compounds, the phytochemical composition is also of great interest. This composition is characterized by the presence of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates formed by the biotransformation of Moringa glucosinolates contain an additional sugar in their chemical structure, which provides stability to these bioactive compounds over other isothiocyanates found in other crops. Both glucosinolates and isothiocyanates have been described as beneficial for the prevention and improvement of some chronic diseases. The content of glucosinolates in Moringa tissues can be enhanced by certain harvesting methods which in turn alters their final yield after extraction. This review aims to highlight certain features of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates from M. oleifera, such as their chemical structure, functionality, and main extraction and harvesting methods. Some of their health-promoting effects will also be addressed. Keywords Moringa oleifera . Glucosinolates . Isothiocyanates . Extraction method . Functional activity . Chronic non-communicable diseases
Abbreviations ATR FT-IR
ESI-MS GL GSH HPLC IL-1β IL-16 iNOS
Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Glucosinolates Glutathione High-performance liquid chromatography Interleukin 1 beta Interleukin 16 Nitric oxide synthase
* Guadalupe Loarca-Piña [email protected] 1
Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República, Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Qro, Mexico
ITC Keap1 LC/MS MO CNCDs NF-kB
NO NQO1 Nrf2 PLS ROS RP-UHPLC-MS
TNF-α UPLC
Isothiocyanates Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Moringa oleifera Non-communicable diseases Nuclear factor kappa-lightchain-enhancer of activated B cells Nitric oxide NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Partial least-squares algorithm Reactive oxygen species Reversed-phase ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography−electron spray ionization−tandem mass spectrometry Tumor necrosis factor alfa Ultra performance liquid chromatography
Plant Foods Hum Nutr
Introduction In the past few decades, Moringa oleífera has been considered a natural alternative treatment to prevent the development of some chronic non-communicable dise
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