Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of As in the Alga Chlorococcum sp.: Prospects for As Bioremediation
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Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of As in the Alga Chlorococcum sp.: Prospects for As Bioremediation Atul Kumar Upadhyay1 · Lav Singh2,3 · Ranjan Singh1 · D. P. Singh1 · Gauri Saxena2 Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ubiquitous distribution, fast growth rate and manifold relevance has credited algae a potential bioresource in current state of affairs of environmental degradation. In the present study, green alga Chlorococcum sp. has been collected from waste water, isolated and cultured to assess their accumulation and toxicity responses at different As(III) concentration. Results revealed that Chlorococcum sp. treated with 10 µM As(III) showed a minimal reduction (21%) in chlorophyll concentration with high proline and carotenoids content indicating its adaptive tolerance potential against As(III). The EC50 of As(III) for inhibiting growth of the microalgae after 10 days of experiment was 9.4 µM. Further, Chlorococcum sp. accumulated 239.09 µg g− 1 dw As at the concentration of 10 µM of As(III) after 10 days of treatment. Concentration dependent accumulation pattern and antioxidant responses in Chlorococcum sp. could be a used as a potential bioindicator and bioremediator of As from waste water. Keywords Arsenic · Chlorococcum sp. · Toxicity · Bioremediation · Wastewater The pollution of toxic non-biodegradable elements in the aquatic ecosystem is a worldwide concern and influences the plants and human health severely (Qian et al. 2013; Upadhyay et al. 2014). These toxic elements enter in water, air and soil system by natural and anthropogenic sources. The most significant sources of these elements are weathering of rocks, burning of fossil fuel, smelting, electroplating, use of pesticides, fertilizers industrial discharge, generation of municipal waste and sewage (Khattar et al. 2014). Aquatic systems are the major sink of all the wastes including different toxic metals and get harshly polluted (Volland et al. 2013; Rai et al. 2015). Of these, the main threat is being presence of arsenic (As) in lake, river and reservoirs. Arsenic Lav Singh Contributed equally as first author. * Atul Kumar Upadhyay [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
2
Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
3
PG Department of Botany, Munger University, RD and DJ College Campus, 811201 Munger, India
is well known widely distributed carcinogen and its toxicity has become a global concern especially in Southeast Asian nation including Combodia, Laos, Bangladesh and West Bengal (India) (Nordstrom 2002; Pandey and Singh 2015). The key source of As exposure in these regions are drinking water and ground water irrigation as well as emission from coal based thermal power (Pandey et al. 2011). Intake of such As contaminated water and food develop a broad sort of diseases including arsenic lung c
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