Bioactive natural products from the genus Salinospora : a review
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Online ISSN 1976-3786 Print ISSN 0253-6269
REVIEW
Bioactive natural products from the genus Salinospora: a review Haerin Kim1 · Sohee Kim1 · Minju Kim1 · Chaeyoung Lee1 · Inho Yang2 · Sang‑Jip Nam3
Received: 25 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 © The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2020
Abstract Actinomycetes are an important source for bioactive secondary metabolites. Among them, the genus Salinispora is one of the first salt obligatory marine species worldwide and is typically found in various types of substrates in tropical and subtropical marine environments including sediments and marine organisms. This genus produces a wide range of chemical scaffolds and bioactive compounds such as lomaiviticins, cyclomarins, rifamycins, salinaphthoquinones, and salinosporamides. This review arranged Salinispora derived secondary metabolites according to the three species that comprise the genus. Moreover, muta- and semi-synthesis analogs derived from salinosporamide were also described in this review. Keywords Salinispora · Marine natural products · Actinomycetes · Salinispora arenicola · Salinispora tropica · Salinispora pacifica
Haerin Kim, Sohee Kim, and Minju Kim have contributed equally to this work. * Inho Yang [email protected] * Sang‑Jip Nam [email protected] 1
The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
2
Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Pusan 49112, Korea
3
Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
Introduction The genus Salinispora was among the first reported obligate marine actinomycetes, meaning that it requires salt to grow (Mincer et al. 2002). This genus is distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical marine environments, sediments from both beaches and the ocean bottom (He et al. 2001), and marine organisms such as algae and sponges (Jensen et al. 2005; Kim et al. 2005; Vidgen et al. 2012). This genus comprises three species: Salinispora tropica, Salinispora arenicola, and Salinispora pacifica, which share 16S rRNA sequence similarities of more than 99.2% (Jensen and Mafnas 2006). This high similarity degree exceeds the suggested species-defining 16S rRNA similarity threshold, and therefore DNA–DNA hybridization analysis has been necessary to distinguish the three species. Moreover, S. tropica isolates from Caribbean sediments have been used as a model for the study of bacterial biogeography (Freel et al. 2012). However, studies on this genus not only focus on biogeography but also on biosynthetic potential. Over 50 natural products have been isolated from this genus, as well as inspired many muta- and semi-synthesis compounds. In this review, we describe the chemical structure and bioactivities of natural products isolated from the genus Salinispora, as well as their synthetic analogs. The compounds were categorized according to the strain from which the derived (S. tropica, S. arenicola, and S. pacifica)
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