Bioactive potential of Cyanobium sp. pigment-rich extracts
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Bioactive potential of Cyanobium sp. pigment-rich extracts Fernando Pagels 1,2 & Daniel Salvaterra 1,2 & Helena M. Amaro 1 & Graciliana Lopes 1,2 & Isabel Sousa-Pinto 1,2 & Vitor Vasconcelos 1,2 & A. Catarina Guedes 1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Revised and accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cyanobacteria are able to synthesize high-value compounds, such as pigments, known for their bioactivities and several industrial uses. One of the key points for the extraction of pigments is solvent selection. Solvent interferes on pigments concentration, thus affecting the bioactive potential of the extracts. In this work, using frozen-dried biomass of Cyanobium sp. LEGE 06113, organic and aqueous pigment-rich extracts were obtained by a classic extraction methodology using four solvents — acetone (A), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (E) and water (W). In order to increase the efficiency of extraction from the cyanobacterium biomass, successive extractions were performed by using water after organic extraction (A-W, E-W, EA-W) and acetone after the aqueous extraction (W-A). Extraction yield and profile of carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, and phenolic compounds were quantified. The bioactive potential of Cyanobium sp. extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+, •NO, O2•− scavenging), anti-inflammatory capacity (COX inhibition), and cytotoxicity (HepG2). W-A showed the higher antioxidant capacity and higher content in carotenoids. E-W showed the highest content in phycobiliproteins and great antioxidant capacity. In terms of antiinflammatory capacity, 100 μgE mL−1 of E-W extract exhibited capacity to inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Finally, in what concerns the cytotoxic evaluation, E, W, A-W, E-W, and EA-W revealed to have no cytotoxic effects in concentrations up to 750 μgE mL−1. Overall, this work constitutes a valid contribution for the valorisation of Cyanobium sp. pigment-rich extracts for biotechnological applications. Keywords Cyanobacteria . Carotenoids . Phycobiliproteins . Antioxidant capacity . Anti-inflammatory capacity . Cytotoxicity
Introduction Pigments from natural sources, and in particular from cyanobacteria, are emerging as higher market price components. They represent the main source of revenues in industries that use cyanobacterial biomass, when compared to macromolecules obtained from these organisms — e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (Ruiz et al. 2016). Cyanobacterial pigments have been used in several industrial applications, such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, food and feed, due to their wide range of bioactive properties. Fernando Pagels and Daniel Salvaterra contributed equally to this work. * A. Catarina Guedes [email protected] 1
CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
2
FCUP – Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Po
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