Screening for polar lipids, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Gloeothece sp. lipid extracts pursuing new
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Screening for polar lipids, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Gloeothece sp. lipid extracts pursuing new phytochemicals from cyanobacteria Elisabete da Costa 1,2
&
Helena M. Amaro 3 & Tânia Melo 1,2 & A. Catarina Guedes 3 & M. Rosário Domingues 1,2
Received: 13 March 2020 / Revised and accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that produce a variety of molecules with beneficial properties for applications in fields such as food and feed, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. In particular, polar lipids from algae are gaining interest because they have been associated with bioactive properties and health benefits. Cyanobacteria have been little studied, particularly in the case of Gloeothece sp. whose polar lipidome is unknown. We have used a highresolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based approach to identify the polar lipidome of Gloeothece sp. and have also evaluated their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Results obtained allowed the identification of 162 lipid molecular species from glycolipids, betaine lipids, and phospholipid categories. These molecular species were esterified to fatty acids (FA) with C16 and C18 chain length and with a degree of unsaturation (DoU) ranging between 0 and 4. Some of the lipid species identified in the lipidome are recognized for their bioactive properties. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity of the polar lipid extracts was evaluated against superoxide (O2·−) and nitric oxide (·NO) radicals and the anti-inflammatory capacity using the COX-2 Enzyme Activity Assay Kit. The lipid extracts displayed antioxidant capacity toward O2·− and ·NO radicals in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 939.8 ± 15.6 and 1033.7 ± 17.9 μg mL−1, respectively. The extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) via inhibition of COX-2, with the lowest concentration tested of 10 μg mL−1 inhibiting the production of PGH2 by about 58%. Overall, these results suggest that the extracts from Gloeothece could be a source of natural product, fostering increasing interest of cyanobacterial exploitation to produce food and metabolites with potential bioactive properties useful for nutraceutical, cosmetics, and medicinal applications. Keywords Lipidome . Scavenging . Glycolipids . NSAIDs . Nutraceutical . Cosmeceutical
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02173-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Elisabete da Costa [email protected] Helena M. Amaro [email protected]
1
CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
2
Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3
CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and
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