Factorial optimization of upstream process for Cyanobium sp. pigments production
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Factorial optimization of upstream process for Cyanobium sp. pigments production Fernando Pagels 1,2 & Daniel Salvaterra 1,2 & Helena M Amaro 1 & Graciliana Lopes 1,2 & Isabel Sousa-Pinto 1,2 & Vitor Vasconcelos 1,2 & A. Catarina Guedes 1 Received: 2 March 2020 / Revised and accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cyanobacteria-based pigments, such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, have emerged in the last few years as products with great economical interest. However, only the production of a few strains has been optimized for largescale productions. As photosynthetic components, pigments have their synthesis modulated by abiotic factors, such as pH, temperature and salinity, which can lead to a huge impact on cyanobacteria production. This work aimed the optimization of biomass and pigments production by Cyanobium sp. LEGE 06113, using a factorial Box-Behnken design for three abiotic factors—temperature (20–30 °C), pH (6.0–9.0) and salinity (NaCl, 10–30 g L−1). Biomass, photosynthetic activity, carotenoid and phycobiliprotein productivity and antioxidant capacity of acetonic and aqueous extracts were measured over time and plotted into quadratic models. Results revealed that temperature and pH had a more significant impact than salinity on Cyanobium sp. metabolism and it was possible to determine a significant quadratic model for all evaluated parameters. According to the factorial modelling, the optimal condition for biomass, carotenoids and phycobiliprotein productivity was obtained at 20 °C, pH 9.0 and 10 g L−1 of NaCl, as subsequently confirmed in experimental trials, with an observed productivity of 127.12 ± 1.30 mgDW Lculture−1 day−1 for biomass; 2.04 ± 0.51 mgcarot Lculture−1 day−1 for total carotenoids; and 4.14 ± 0.71 mgphyco Lculture−1 day−1 for total phycobiliproteins. Keywords Cyanobacteria . Box-Behnken design . Carotenoids . Phycobiliproteins . Antioxidant capacity . Abiotic factors
Introduction Cyanobacteria are a great potential source of pigments when compared with high plants as they reach a much higher concentration of biomass in a short period of time, need smaller areas for cultivation and do not compete for arable soil. Moreover, the diversity of compounds produced by these organisms contributes to their market applicability (Olaizola Fernando Pagels and Daniel Salvaterra contributed equally to this work. * A. Catarina Guedes [email protected] 1
CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
2
FCUP – Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
2003). In an industrial scenario, pigments from cyanobacteria and microalgae represent the main source of revenues when compared with other components, such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates; mainly due to their high added value in the food, cosmetics and healthcare industries (Ruiz et al. 2016). T
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