Biobanking in amphibian and reptilian conservation and management: opportunities and challenges
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TECHNICAL REVIEW
Biobanking in amphibian and reptilian conservation and management: opportunities and challenges Julie Strand1,2 · Helena Thomsen1 · Julie B. Jensen1 · Cecilie Marcussen1 · Trine B. Nicolajsen1 · Mathias B. Skriver1,3 · Isabella M. Søgaard1,3 · Tariq Ezaz4 · Stig Purup5 · Henrik Callesen5 · Cino Pertoldi1,6 Received: 9 April 2019 / Accepted: 29 February 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Numerous species from the classes Amphibia and Reptilia are facing extinction as a result of habitat loss and increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment; to be more specific, 32% amphibian and 20% reptilian species are either threatened or endangered. The aim of this review is to highlight the status of biobanking as one of the many tools within conservation of amphibians and reptilians. Moreover, we discuss opportunities and challenges as well as provide recommendations for future conservation and management strategies for saving vulnerable species from the two taxa. Previous studies have reported production of viable offspring from cryopreserved amphibian germplasm and in reptiles from cooled spermatozoa. However, further research is needed to improve the efficiency of cryopreserved germplasms for future use in biobanks. More advanced research directions include culture of fibroblast cell lines coupled with appropriate pluripotent stem cells and advanced reproductive technologies as this will represent one further unique and invaluable resource in species conservation and management. Keywords Extraction methods · ART · Risks · Fibroblast cell lines · Pluripotent stem cells
* Julie Strand [email protected]
Henrik Callesen [email protected]
Helena Thomsen [email protected]
Cino Pertoldi [email protected]
Julie B. Jensen [email protected]
1
Cecilie Marcussen [email protected]
Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7K, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
2
Trine B. Nicolajsen [email protected]
Denmark and Randers Regnskov, Tørvebryggen 11, 8900 Randers C, Denmark
3
Denmark and School of Medicine and Health, Aalborg University, Niels Jernes Vej 12, 5A, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
Isabella M. Søgaard [email protected]
4
Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
Tariq Ezaz [email protected]
5
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
Stig Purup [email protected]
6
Denmark and Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
Mathias B. Skriver [email protected]
13
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Background During the last century, the extinction rate of vertebrate species has exceeded the natural extinction rate, so collapse of whole ecosystems is a threat (Ceballos et al. 2015). The Global Living Planet Index (LPI, a measurement of biodiversity abundance based on 16,704 populations of 4005 species) reported a 60% decline in vertebrate population abundance from year 1970 to 2014 (WWF 2018).
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