Biochemical and anti-inflammatory effect of Ocimum americanum Linn. extracts on gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced nephro
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Biochemical and anti‑inflammatory effect of Ocimum americanum Linn. extracts on gentamicin‑ and cisplatin‑induced nephrotoxicity in rats Christopher Larbie1 · Ruby A. Nyarko2 · Ademola A. Oyagbemi3 · Theophilus A. Jarikre4 · Clement O. Adjei1 · Emmanuel B. Aseidu1 · Rosemond Mawuenyega1 · Benjamin O. Emikpe5 Received: 30 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract Interest in medicinal plant research and usage has risen due to many reported side effects of synthetic drugs and their relatively higher cost. Ocimum americanum (family Lamiaceae) is a commonly used spice in Ghana with the aqueous extracts of leaves, flowers and stem been rich in saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of the aqueous extracts of O. americanum parts on gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. In a ten-day experiment, nephrotoxicity was induced with gentamicin (GM; 100 mg/kg b.wt. for 8 days) and cisplatin (Cisp; 6 mg/kg b.wt. for 1 day) after pre-treatment with 250 mg/kg b.wt. of the leaves, stem, and flower extracts of O. americanum and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 10 days. The nephroprotective activity was evaluated by assaying the activity of serum kidney function parameter, kidney oxidative stress parameters, kidney inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and IL-1) and histopathology. The activities of kidney function parameters of animals were significantly increased following Cisp and GM treatment with resultant alteration is kidney microarchitecture, over-expressions of NF-κB and IL1 and kidney oxidative stress markers. Extract pre-treatment restored kidney function to near-normal, downregulating the expressions of IL-1 and NF-κB and improved levels of reduced GSH contents, GPx and SOD activities. However, leaves extract showed the best protection against GM while all extracts showed improved protection (> 50%) against Cisp. Extract of Ocimum americanum exhibit nephroprotective activity and could be developed as a potent kidney protector. Keywords Ocimum americanum · Nephroprotection · Inflammation · Oxidative stress
Introduction
* Christopher Larbie [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
2
Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
3
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
4
Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
5
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
Nephrotoxicity is the loss of function of the kidneys because of the direct exposure to external agents like drugs and environmental chemicals known as nephrotoxic agents (Alsalame et al. 2018). Some common nephrotoxins include
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