Bioconversion of lawn waste amended with kitchen waste and buffalo dung in to value-added vermicompost using Eisenia foe
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REGIONAL CASE STUDY
Bioconversion of lawn waste amended with kitchen waste and buffalo dung in to value‑added vermicompost using Eisenia foetida to alleviate landfill burden Minakshi Karwal1,2 · Anubha Kaushik1 Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Enormous quantities of waste such as lawn waste (LW) and kitchen waste (KW) are generated in urban institutes, proper management of which is crucial. The present work was designed to bio-convert LW and KW amended with buffalo dung (BD) into humus-rich manures through composting and vermicomposting technology over a period of 3 months. At the termination of vermicomposting process, there was significant decline from initial value in certain parameters like pH (8.17–6.74), total organic carbon (36.12–28.04) and C:N (39–16), whereas increase was observed in parameters like electrical conductivity (1.19–3.22), N (1.35–1.89%), P (0.18–0.44%), K (0.78–1.06%). Concentration of toxic heavy metals (Co, Cd, Cu, As, Cr, and Pb) declined significantly in the end product. Fecundity of earthworms was favored more by higher proportion of BD, moderate KW, and 10% LW in the feedstock, and was maximum in the combination (BD60% + LW10% + KW30%) followed by (BD50% + LW0% + 50%), (BD40% + LW20% + KW40%) and (BD30% + LW20% + KW40%). Enzymatic activities such as urease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were found to be high initially, but declined towards maturity of the vermicompost. The study shows that buffalo dung, kitchen waste, lawn waste (6:1:3 ratio) give best quality vermicompost. Keywords Composting · Enzymes · Metals · Nutrient dynamics · Organic solid waste · Vermicomposting
Introduction Increased proliferation of green landscape areas, institutions, hotels and restaurants generate lawn (LW) and kitchen wastes (KW) which has a major mismanagement issue. Institution messes generate huge amount of biodegradable organic wastes. The most prominent part of these biodegradable wastes includes lawn wastes and uncooked vegetable wastes emitted from hostel’s messes, canteens and lawns of the institutional premises. Yard waste comprises pruned branches and leaves from trees and shrubs, detritus waste, and lawn waste like grass clippings and trimmings from mowed lawns from gardens, green areas and parks. It has been estimated that 1.3 billion metric tons of food is wasted annually that is * Anubha Kaushik [email protected] 1
University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
Department of Applied Science, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi‑NCR, Ghaziabad, India
2
approximately equal to one-third of the total food production [1]. On the other hand, yard waste generation is also rising continuously due to proliferation of green urbanized areas which comprises the greatest contributor of municipal solid waste [2–4]. Management of lawn waste, which is most prominently produced yard waste is costly due to their collection and transportation to the treatment
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