Biodegradation and Kinetics of Phenanthrene and Pyrene in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants by Arthrobacter Strain Sp
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Biodegradation and Kinetics of Phenanthrene and Pyrene in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants by Arthrobacter Strain Sphe3 Mahendra Aryal & Maria Liakopoulou-Kyriakides
Received: 21 September 2012 / Accepted: 18 December 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Surfactant-enhanced solubilization and subsequent biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene from aqueous solutions by Arthrobacter strain Sphe3 was investigated. The results show that growth of Arthrobacter strain Sphe3 was increased upon increase in concentration of Tween 20 and Tween 80. Inhibition of bacterial growth was observed with increasing Triton X-100 concentrations, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) totally inhibited this bacterial growth. Phenanthrene and pyrene solubilization was enhanced in the presence of surfactants and found to be linearly proportional to their concentrations, above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). In addition, Tween 20 and Tween 80 enhanced the biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene. The high correlation coefficient (R2) values obtained at all the concentrations studied, suggest that biodegradation kinetics of both phenanthrene and pyrene in the presence of Tween 20 and Tween 80 follow first-order kinetic equation model. Experimental results suggest that Tween 20 and Tween 80 may have great potential for applications in bioremediation of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds using Arthrobacter strain Sphe3.
M. Aryal : M. Liakopoulou-Kyriakides (*) Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124 Greece e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) . Surfactants . Solubilization . Arthrobacter strain Sphe3 . Biodegradation . Kinetics
1 Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consist of two or more fused benzene rings in linear, angular, or cluster arrangements and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The combustion of fossil fuels; disposal of wastes; use and disposal of petroleum products, automobile exhausts, forest fires, agricultural burning, coal, and wood-preserving products; and cooking of foods have resulted in an increase in their concentrations in the environment (Sartoros et al. 2005; Tiehm 1994). Remediation of PAHs from the environmental contaminated sites is very important, since some are known carcinogens and mutagens (Juan et al. 2008; Lippold et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2001). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has listed 16 PAHs, including phenanthrene and pyrene, among the 129 priority pollutants (Jin et al. 2007). PAHs are hydrophobic compounds and their persistence and accumulation in soil and sediment are chiefly due to low water solubility, relative stability or low volatility, and resistance to biological degradation (Sartoros et al. 2005). Lipophilicity, environmental persistence, and genotoxicity increase with increase in molecular weight of PAHs. More specifically, phenanthrene is acutely toxic, whereas pyrene is genotoxi
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