Phenanthrene and pyrene disturbed the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa as co-cultured with Chlorella pyrenoidosa
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SHORT RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ARTICLE
Phenanthrene and pyrene disturbed the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa as co-cultured with Chlorella pyrenoidosa Xiucui Wang 1,2 & Xuezhu Zhu 1
&
Xuemei Chen 1 & Baitao Lv 1 & Xue Wang 1 & Danqin Wang 1
Received: 24 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Significant levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in lakes. The competition between algae would be disturbed by PAHs resulted in variations of algal growth. For controlling the cyanobacterial blooms, it is important to understand this disturbed competition between Microcystis aeruginosa and other algae. A 6-day cultivation experiment was designed to investigate the responses of M. aeruginosa to PAHs in presence of green algae. A popular green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa was used as a representative of green algae, and phenanthrene and pyrene were selected as representatives of PAHs. The results showed that M. aeruginosa outcompeted C. pyrenoidosa under PAH contamination, and PAHs and M. aeruginosa significantly inhibited the survival of C. pyrenoidosa. PAHs disturbed the growth of algae by influencing photosynthetic pigments and phycobiliproteins, and the different alteration of Fv/Fm ratios implied that shifted algal community composition would be induced by PAHs. The Fv/Fm of the two algal mixture and individual C. pyrenoidosa was significantly negatively correlated with phenanthrene levels. However, there were no significant correlations between the Fv/Fm of M. aeruginosa and the exposure levels of phenanthrene or pyrene. Remarkably, the Fv/Fm significantly increased in M. aeruginosa at 0.15 mg L−1 pyrene, suggesting that PSII resistance to pyrene was enhanced in M. aeruginosa. Our results pointed out an increasing frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms could be induced by PAHs in contaminated waters. Keywords Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Environmental toxicity . Microcysitis aeruginosa . Chlorella pyrenoidosa . Photosystem II
Introduction M. aeruginosa is one of the most common species of high trophic level freshwater cyanobacteria and forms harmful blooms in freshwater bodies worldwide (Otten and Paerl 2011; Meissner et al. 2015). A wide variety of anthropogenic Xiucui Wang and Xuezhu Zhu contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Xuezhu Zhu [email protected] 1
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People’s Republic of China
contaminants have been released into aquatic environments and altered the composition of aquatic ecosystems including phytoplankton community composition (Othman et al. 2018). Cyanobacterium was reported to be sensitive to most contaminants, even at a relatively low concentration (Chen and
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