Biodegradation of diethyl-phthalate (DEP) by halotolerant bacteria isolated from an estuarine environment
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biodegradation of diethyl-phthalate (DEP) by halotolerant bacteria isolated from an estuarine environment Elen Aquino Perpetuo . Esther Cecı´lia Nunes da Silva . Bruno Karolski . Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento
Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in many industrial products due to their chemical properties that confer flexibility and durability to building materials, lubricants, solvents, insect repellents, clothing, cosmetics, being widely distributed in the environment. Besides persistent, they are also considered endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), causing a global concern about their release into the environment, once they can alter the reproductive and endocrine health of humans systems. Under natural conditions, photodegradation and hydrolysis rates of phthalates are often very slow; therefore, microbial degradation is a natural way to treat these pollutants. In this context,
three bacterial consortia (CMS, GMS and GMSS) were isolated from environmental samples from the Santos Estuarine System (SES) and were able to grow on diethyl-phthalate (DEP) as an only carbon source. From the GMSS consortium, three different strains were isolated and identified as Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas koreensis and Ralstonia pickettii by molecular and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-Biotyper) techniques. Considering there are no reports about Ralstonia genus on phthalates degradation, this strain was chosen to proceed the kinetics experiments. Ralstonia pickettii revealed a great ability to degrade DEP (300 mg/L) in less than 24 h. This is the first report implicating R. pickettii in DEP degradation.
E. A. Perpetuo (&) E. C. N. da Silva The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Pthalates
E. A. Perpetuo B. Karolski C. A. O. do Nascimento Environmental Research and Education Center, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Rod. Conego Domenico Rangoni, 270 km, Cubata˜o, SP, Brazil
Introduction
C. A. O. do Nascimento Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, POLI-USP, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil E. A. Perpetuo Institute of Marine Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo, IMar-UNIFESP, Av. Carvalho de Mendonc¸a, 144, Santos, SP, Brazil
Biodegradation Estuarine bacteria
Phthalates are anthropogenic compounds widely used in many industrial products due to their chemical properties that confer flexibility and durability to building materials, lubricants, solvents, insect repellents, clothing, cosmetics. However, their quick migration into the ecosystem during their use and after disposal, particularly from plastic products, is a global concern. In 35 years, the oceans are estimated to have more plastics than fishes. Hammer et al. (2012) reported about 200,000 microplastics per km2
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Biodegradation
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