Biodeterioration
Bacteria were the first life forms to appear on Earth, and they have a long history of association with mineral surfaces. Surfaces of clay minerals played an important role in the initial evolutionary processes of bacteria and the diversification of their
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Detection and Preventive Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Corrosion of Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Microorganisms Involved in Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Aerobic Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Strictly Anaerobic Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Introduction
Mechanisms of Microbial Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Aerobic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Anaerobic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Alternation Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Other Processes Contributing to Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Inhibition of Corrosion by Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Nonferrous Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Biodeterioration of Polymeric Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Microorganisms and Degradation of Synthetic Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Degradable Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Biopolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Chemically Modified Biopolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Chemically Synthesized Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Recalcitrant Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Electronic Insulation Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . 322 Corrosion Protective Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Nondegradable Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Corrosion of Concrete and Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Microorganisms Responsible for Deterioration . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Microbial Exopolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Corrosion of Reinforcing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage Materials . . . . . . . . . . 326
Bacteria were the first life forms to appear on Earth, and they have a long history of association with mineral surfaces. Surfaces of clay minerals played an important role in the initial evolutionary processes of bacteria and the diversification of their physiology
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