Bioelectrochemical Syntheses
Bioelectrosynthesis from CO2 offers the prospect to reuse CO2 emissions as a feedstock and generate fuels and value-added chemicals from CO2 and its derivatives working in water. The technology has environmental advantages due to its sustainability, renew
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Bioelectrochemical Syntheses Suman Bajracharya, Nabin Aryal, Heleen De Wever and Deepak Pant
Abstract
Bioelectrosynthesis from CO2 offers the prospect to reuse CO2 emissions as a feedstock and generate fuels and value-added chemicals from CO2 and its derivatives working in water. The technology has environmental advantages due to its sustainability, renewability and environmentally friendly qualities. The future potential of these systems can be associated to the framework of CO2 biorefineries, the power-to-gas concept, or biogas upgrading, thus helping to step-up in the desired global transition from fossil fuel-based to electricity-based economy.
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Introduction
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) encompass the electrode-based oxidation and reduction reactions catalyzed by biological agents such as microorganisms and/or enzymes to convert the chemical energy stored in biodegradable materials to S. Bajracharya Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia N. Aryal Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangovej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark N. Aryal Danish Gas Technology Centre, Dr Neergaards Vej 5B, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark H. De Wever D. Pant (&) Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 M. Aresta et al. (eds.), An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15868-2_9
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electric current or to produce value-added chemicals from low value chemicals with an external voltage supply [19, 102, 138]. BES reactors comprise a combination of either a biotic anode (bioanode) with chemical cathode or a bioanode with biotic cathode (biocathode) or an abiotic anode with biocathode in a configuration with or without an ion exchange membrane as a separator for the anode-cathode compartments. When microbial cells are involved in any of the electrode-based redox reaction the term ‘microbial’ is used whereas the term ‘biological/enzymatic’ is used when enzymes, proteins or any other biological agents are involved in the redox reaction [71, 123]. The conversion of low-value waste into electricity, fuels and chemicals using biocatalysts especially microbes that are rejuvenating and adapting themselves to the required conversion activity is the unique feature of bioelectrochemical systems [82, 108]. In principle, biodegradable materials are oxidized at the anode employing a biological agent as a catalyst and generate electrons, which flow (current) towards the cathode due to the difference in potential along an external circuit where they are consumed in reduction reaction, producing electricity. These systems are called biological/microbial fuel cells. In the opposite case, by applying an external voltage, the electrons produced at the bioanode are used in the reduction of water to hydrogen at the cathode i
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