Biofortification of Forage Peas with Combined Application of Selenium and Zinc Under Mediterranean Conditions
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biofortification of Forage Peas with Combined Application of Selenium and Zinc Under Mediterranean Conditions Maria D. Reynolds-Marzal 1 & Angélica M. Rivera-Martín 1 & Sara M. Rodrigo 1 & Oscar Santamaria 2
& Maria J. Poblaciones
1
Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Agronomic biofortification can be used to alleviate the deficient intake of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) by livestock. These two essential micronutrients for human and animals play an important role in many physiological functions and biological processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of forage peas, crop with an increasing importance as plant protein source, to be biofortified with a combined treatment of Zn (as ZnSO4-7H2O) and Se (as Na2SeO4). A 2-year field experiment was established in southern Spain under semiarid Mediterranean conditions, by following a split-split-plot design. The study year (2017/2018, 2018/2019) was considered the main-plot factor, soil Zn application (50 kg Zn ha−1, nil Zn) as a subplot factor, and foliar application (nil, 10 g Se ha−1, 8 kg Zn ha−1, 10 g Se ha−1 + 8 kg Zn ha−1) as a sub-subplot factor. The combined application of 50-kg soil Zn ha−1 and the foliar application of 10 g Se ha−1 + 8 kg Zn ha−1 was the most effective treatment to increase the concentration in forage of Zn and Se, 4-fold and 5-fold, respectively, as well as the Zn bioavailability, forage yield (close to 30%), and crude protein (~ 8%). Thus, forage peas could be considered a very suitable crop to be included in biofortification programs under Mediterranean conditions with Zn and Se as target minerals. Keywords Sodium selenate . Zinc sulfate . Legumes . Rainfed conditions . Forage yield . Nutritive value parameters
1 Introduction Forage crops are very important worldwide to provide an outstanding part of the animal feeding in intensive livestock production systems, and as a supplement of the diet in extensive grazing systems. In Spain, around 1.2 million ha are dedicated to forage crops (MAPA 2020). Among them, the use of legume species is highly recommended. This is, among other reasons, because legumes are considered a great protein source in animal feeding, improving, in addition, the physical and chemical soil
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00360-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Oscar Santamaria [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
2
Department of Construction and Agronomy, University of Salamanca, Avenida Cardenal Cisneros 34, 49029 Zamora, Spain
properties after their cropping. Forage feeding can provide livestock most of its carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements (Suttle 2010). Mineral content in herbage is clearly linked to their concentration in the soil where p
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