Agronomic Biofortification of Stevia rebaudiana with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Phytonanoparticles and Antioxidant Compounds
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Agronomic Biofortification of Stevia rebaudiana with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Phytonanoparticles and Antioxidant Compounds Marı´a Concepcio´n Vela´zquez-Gamboa1 • Ludwi Rodrı´guez-Herna´ndez2 • Miguel Abud-Archila1 • Federico Antonio Gutie´rrez-Miceli1 • Daniel Gonza´lez-Mendoza3 • Benjamı´n Valdez-Salas4 • Elizabeth Gonza´lezTerreros5 • Marı´a Celina Luja´n-Hidalgo1
Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract Agronomic biofortification is a process used to increase the concentration of essential elements in plants through fertilization and thus improve their nutritional quality. Increasing the content of Zn?2 in Stevia rebaudiana plants would imply adding value to the crop. The use of ZnO phytonanoparticles, in addition to increasing the content of Zn?2, can also generate an inductor effect that promotes the synthesis of metabolites of commercial interest. This study reports the effect of fertilization with ZnO phytonanoparticles on morphometric parameters of S. rebaudiana plants and the content of Zn?2, stevioside, rebaudioside A, total phenols, flavonoids and the antiradical activity of leaf extracts. Biofortification was carried out in a hydroponic culture using peat moss/agrolite as a support under a completely random experimental design. The green ZnO nanoparticles were added via root at different concentrations. The physiological and morphometric & Marı´a Celina Luja´n-Hidalgo [email protected] 1
Tecnolo´gico Nacional de Me´xico/Instituto Tecnolo´gico de Tuxtla Gutie´rrez, Carretera Panamericana km. 1080, Tera´n, 29050 Tuxtla Gutie´rrez, Chiapas, Me´xico
2
Tecnolo´gico Nacional de Me´xico/Instituto Tecnolo´gico Superior de Cintalapa, Carretera Panamericana km. 995, 30400 Cintalapa, Chiapas, Me´xico
3
Instituto de Ciencias Agrı´colas de La Universidad Auto´noma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), Carretera a Delta S/N C.P. 21705, Ejido Nuevo Leo´n, Baja California, Me´xico
4
Instituto de Ingenierı´a de La Universidad Auto´noma de Baja California, Calle de la Normal S/N y Boulevard Benito Jua´rez, 21100 Mexicali, Baja California, Me´xico
5
Instituto de Estudios Ambientales/Universidad de La Sierra Jua´rez, Avenida Universidad S/N, 68725 Ixtla´n de Jua´rez, Oaxaca, Me´xico
parameters of the plant were not affected with respect to the control by the use of phytonanoparticles. The biofortification of S. rebaudiana with ZnO phytonanoparticles at a concentration of 75 mg/L enhanced zinc content up to 406.8% with respect to the control. The total phenols (60.5%) and flavonoids (87.8%) were also increased without having a negative effect on plant growth. The biosynthetic pathway of steviol glycosides was not affected. Keywords Biofortification Zinc oxide phytonanoparticles Steviol glycosides Oxidative stress Antioxidant compounds
Introduction Stevia rebaudiana (SR) is known and used industrially for its high sweetening potential, which places SR today as the best sugar substitute. Its sweetening power is attributed to ste
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