Characterizing Lentil Germplasm for Zinc Biofortification and High Grain Output
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterizing Lentil Germplasm for Zinc Biofortification and High Grain Output Naser Rasheed 1 & Muhammad Aamer Maqsood 1 & Tariq Aziz 1,2 & Abdul Jabbar 3 Received: 23 July 2019 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Micronutrient malnutrition particularly of zinc (Zn) attributes a worse situation mainly in South Asia in addition to the food security. Pulses contribute significantly towards providing calories to the masses in developing countries being the cheap source of protein. Zinc biofortification of pulses mainly of lentil can be a good strategy aimed at both increased profit as well as can combat Zn deficiency in humans. A field experiment was conducted to classify the lentil genotypes based on their higher grain output and grain Zn concentration. The 16 lentil genotypes were cultivated with the following Zn levels: 0, 6 and 9 mg kg−1 and recommended dose of primary nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) were applied with three replicates until maturity. Results revealed that application of Zn increased the plant growth, grain production and grain Zn concentration significantly. Zinc application at higher rates i.e. 9 mg kg−1 resulted in higher grain output and concentration of Zn in grain than lower application rate and control. The genotype Mansehra-89 was excellent in terms of high grain output and high Zn contents in their grains. The lentil genotypes, Mansehra-89, Punjab Masoor-2009, Masoor-2002 and Masoor2006, were classified as high grain yield cultivars, and Line-10502, Mansehra-89, Line-11504 and Markaz-09 were categorized as Zn efficient/responsive genotypes. From the results, it was concluded that the lentil genotypes respond differently upon Zn fertilization and thus improved the crop yield and Zn enrichment of lentil grains. However, keeping in view the desired level of bioavailable Zn, further experimentation is required for general recommendations for right source and application methods. Moreover, these categorizations are helpful in future breeding ventures and to recommend the efficient cultivars aiming at increased Zn contents in grains. Keywords Lentil genotypes . Bioavailable Zn . Zn deficiency . Zn concentration
1 Introduction The global population is expected to rise to near 10 billion by 2050 (FAO 2017; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2015), considering the current growth rate particularly in South Asia (USDA 2015; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
* Naser Rasheed [email protected] 1
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
3
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Population Division 2015). To feed the population in 2050, it is estimated that we need about 60–80% increase in the current food production (FAO 2009). In additi
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