Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Emission of Brazilian Atlantic Tree Grown Under Elevated Ozone in Ambient Controlled
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Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Emission of Brazilian Atlantic Tree Grown Under Elevated Ozone in Ambient Controlled and Field Conditions Giselle da Silva Pedrosa1 · Debora Pinheiro de Oliveira2,3 · Josiane Valéria Soares Bison2,3 · Ricardo Marcondes Bugarelli2,3 · Luciano Soares Cruz1 · Silvia Ribeiro de Souza2 Received: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 / Published online: 23 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Croton floribundus (L.) Spreng trees were exposed to accumulated ozone ( O3) levels under laboratory and field conditions and monitored the foliar visible symptoms and BVOC emissions. Plants exposed to O3 in the laboratory presented more substantial damage and significant increase in the BVOC emissions than plants in the field. Caryophyllene and 3-hexen-1-ol emissions were significantly increased in plants exposed to O 3 in the laboratory. Under field conditions, methyl salicylate (MeSA) was the majority compound emitted. A positive correlation among the meteorological conditions, O 3 and MeSA emission was observed in the field conditions, which may represent a mechanism of tolerance by C. floribundus to deal with long-term exposure to O3. Keywords Croton Floribundus · Pioneer tree · Induced emissions · Ozone response The most abundant biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) produced by plants are the terpenoids, non-methane hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons (Peñuelas and Staudt 2010; Guenther 2013). It has been reported that the release of BVOCs into the atmosphere can alter the composition of the various pollutants produced by anthropogenic processes (Goldstein et al. 2009). For example, the interaction between BVOCs and anthropogenic pollutants can lead to chemical reactions that increase the formation rates of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in urban environments (Holopainen et al. 2017) and secondary pollutants in the atmosphere (Calfapietra et al. 2013), such as ozone (O3). Moreover, since BVOCs could perturb the global balance
* Silvia Ribeiro de Souza [email protected] 1
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210‑580, Brazil
2
Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01061‑970, Brasil
3
Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP 04301‑902, Brazil
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of atmospheric carbon, it is plausible that these compounds contribute to climate change (Grote et al. 2016). Concerning secondary pollutants, elevated levels of O 3 can be extremely harmful to vegetation due to its high oxidative potential and reactivity (Grulke and Heath 2019). However, the damage O3 inflicts on plants does not depend on the concentrations in the atmosphere, but rather the amount of this gas that enters the leaves through the stomata, which consequently increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and promotes oxidative stress. To protect against o
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