Biogeographic divergence in leaf traits of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus delavayi and its relation to climate
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biogeographic divergence in leaf traits of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus delavayi and its relation to climate Xin Wang1 · Jiming Liu1 · Xue Rui1 · Yuanyuan Xu1 · Guochun Zhao1 · Lixian Wang1 · Xuehuang Weng2 · Zhong Chen1 · Liming Jia1
Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Northeast Forestry University 2020
Abstract To explore differences in leaf morphology between Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus delavayi, and how the environment might drive these differences, 80 germplasm samples from the Sapindus germplasm nursery in Fujian Province were selected. The study revealed a wide variation and diversity in 16 germplasm traits, both within and between species grown under the same conditions. On average, the relative contribution of intraspecific variability to total variability was more important (83%) than the relative contribution of interspecific variability (17%). PERMANOVA analysis showed differences in leaflet thickness, length, perimeter, length to width ratio, and leaf hairs or trichome density. Correlation analyses between leaf morphological traits and environmental variables indicated that leaves tended to be larger, longer, and thicker in wetter, warmer, and low-altitude conditions. Our analysis of the relationship between climate and leaf morphology revealed that S. mukorossi had a greater sensitivity to climate variation, particularly in response to mean temperatures of the
Project funding: This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2015ZCQLX-02 2017-LYSJWJ-1). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com. Corresponding editor: Yanbo Hu. * Liming Jia [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
2
Yuanhua Forestry Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming 650216, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
coldest and warmest seasons, which led to differences in leaf traits and the distribution of the two species. These findings contribute to the understanding of leaf morphology variations in S. mukorossi and S. delavayi, and provide a basis for the collection of Sapindus germplasm resources, their cultivation and use to help address climate change. Keywords Climate · Leaf morphology · Sapindus delavayi · Sapindus mukorossi
Introduction The phenotype of a plant is the three-dimensional expression of genes in space and time after interaction with the environment, and ultimately results from the selective expression of genetic information in gene-environment interactions (Xu et al. 2019). As the most direct embodiment of genetic diversity, phenotypic variation is the simplest method for detecting it. Therefore, studying phenotypic diversity is crucial for obtaining population differentiation information and for developing genetic improvement strategies (Ragamustari and Sukara 2019). Research on phenotype-environment relationships helps to reveal the role of gen
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