Biological and chemical attributes of soils under forest species in Northeast Brazil
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biological and chemical attributes of soils under forest species in Northeast Brazil Olmar Baller Weber1 • Maria Catia Barroso da Silva2 • Cristiane Figueira da Silva3 • Joa˜o Alencar de Sousa1 • Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguch1 • Deborah dos Santos Garruti1 • Ricardo Espindola Romero4
Received: 15 October 2018 / Accepted: 23 January 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Timber forests contribute to the sustainable development of the biomes in tropical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological and chemical properties of the soil as a consequence of the cover with native and non-native species in the Acarau´ basin, a transition area from the coast to the Brazilian semi-arid region. Areas planted with four native species (Anadenanthera colubrina, Astronium fraxinifolium, Handroanthus impetiginosus, Colubrina glandulosa) and three exotic species (Acacia mangium, Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus urophylla) plus a non-forested agricultural area were evaluated for organic carbon contents, and microbial and chemical soil properties. The levels of soil organic carbon were highest in A. colubrina and C. equisetifolia plantations. Low basal soil respiration was observed but the microbial biomass was particularly low in the non-forested Project funding: Selection of species and definition of technical parameters for plantations of forest species in the State of Ceara´, Brazil (Embrapa). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com. Corresponding editor: Chai Ruihai. & Cristiane Figueira da Silva [email protected] 1
Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Pici, Fortaleza, Ceara´ 60511-110, Brazil
2
Centro de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Ceara´, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza 60740-000, Brazil
3
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Serope´dica, Rio De Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil
4
Depto Cieˆncia do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceara´, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza 60021-970, Brazil
area. In the C. equisetifolia, E. urophylla, and H. impetiginosus plantations, elevated soil metabolic quotients were found. The A. colubrina and H. impetiginosus plantations had the highest levels of easily extracted-glomalin related soil protein. Tree species affect concentrations of essential nutrients and the biological quality of the soil in different ways. They can also improve the biological and chemical properties of the soil in the coastal plains of tropical regions. Keywords Soil quality Brazilian timber species Eucalyptus Acacia Casuarina
Introduction Brazil has large areas of forest and the greatest diversity of plants (Beech et al. 2017). Reforestation has recently reached 7.8 million hectares (Moreira et al. 2017), the wood from which is used in the pulp and paper and energy industries. The plantations are concentrated in the Atlantic Forest region and in the Cerrado biome, where species of Eucalyptus (5.7 million ha), Pinus (1.6 million ha) and ´ 2017) have been planother
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