Biological characteristic and biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum T-A66 against bitter gourd wilt caused by Fu
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Biological characteristic and biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum T-A66 against bitter gourd wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Fuli Zhang 1,2 & Chang Liu 1,2 & Yunhua Wang 1 & Kai Dou 3 & Faju Chen 2 & Li Pang 1 & Xiangxiang Kong 1 & Changrui Shang 1 & Yan Li 4 Received: 7 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract We isolated a new Trichoderma harzianum strain, named T-A66. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was the best medium for both mycelium growth and sporulation of T-A66 strain, while sucrose and potassium nitrate were the best source of carbon and nitrate, respectively. T-A66 strain and its culture filtrate significantly antagonized the growth of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in in vitro tests. An experiment using potted plants showed that the T-A66 strain promoted growth and induced disease resistance of bitter gourd seedlings to bitter gourd wilt caused by F. oxysporum, by inducing quick H2 O2 burst and callose deposition, as well as increasing antioxidant enzymes activities and phenolic compounds content. Indole acetic acid (IAA) was involved in the beneficial effects of T-A66. Ultimately, T-A66 strain diminished membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death, and controlled successfully bitter gourd wilt in greenhouse with a biocontrol efficiency of 90.32% after 15 days of F. oxysporum inoculation. The results suggested a good biocontrol potential of T-A66 strain against bitter gourd wilt. Keywords T. harzianum isolate T-A66 . Biocontrol potential . Bitter gourd wilt . Callose deposition . IAA production
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00573-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Fuli Zhang [email protected] * Kai Dou [email protected] * Faju Chen [email protected] 1
College of Life Science and Agronomy, ZhouKou Normal University, 466001 ZhouKou, China
2
Key Laboratory of three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, China
3
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
4
Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450000 Zhengzhou, China
Various diseases constantly challenge plants’ capability for growth and survival. Although excessive use of chemical pesticides has maximized crop productivity, the adverse effects on environment and health increase concern on exploiting natural biological control agents to control plant diseases, such as using plant growth promoting fungi (PGPFs). As important phytopathogen bio-antagonists, Trichoderma spp. carried out 90% of antagonist applications in controlling plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi (Benítez et al. 2004). In addition, Trichoderma can increase plant health, promote plant growth and improve adaptation to environmental stresses, but the advantages are strain dependent (Harman et al. 2004
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