Transcriptomic analysis reveals biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum ACCC30371 under eight culture conditions
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Transcriptomic analysis reveals biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum ACCC30371 under eight culture conditions Ruiting Guo1 • Zhiying Wang1 • Chang Zhou1 • Zhihua Liu1 • Ping Zhang1 Haijuan Fan1,2
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Received: 14 November 2018 / Accepted: 2 January 2019 Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract A transcriptomic database was constructed to study the biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum ACCC30371 using high quality UniGenes following growth in eight culture media [(1/2PD, minimal medium MM (containing dextrose 10 g L-1), C starvation medium (derived from MM without dextrose), N starvation medium (derived from MM without ammonium sulphate), and four kinds of phytopathogenic fungi cell wall media]. A 4 Gbp transcriptome was generated and 96.7% of the database had a sequencing error rate less than 1%. A total of 25,013 UniGene sequences were obtained with a mean length of 1135 nt. There were 2571 sequences longer than 3000 nt. The National Center for Biotechnology Information Accession number of this transcriptome is SRR8382572. There were 16,360 Unigenes annotated to the Nr protein database, 9875 to the SwissProt database, 10,266 to the KEGG database, 7164 to the COG database, and 1508 to the GO database along with their protein functional annotations. There were 16,723 functional genes identified. We identified 402 bio-control genes, including 14 related to
Project funding: The work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central University, China (Grant Number 2572017AA03 and Grant Number 2572014BA15). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu. & Haijuan Fan [email protected] 1
School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
2
Daxinganling Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Jiagedaqi 165000, People’s Republic of China
competition, 311 to mycoparasitism, 76 to antibiosis, and one related to eliciting a plant response. This shows that T. harzianum ACCC30371 has integrated biocontrol mechanisms, and of these mechanisms, mycoparasitism is the most prevalent. Antibiosis and induced systemic resistance also play important roles. These results provide a foundation for further research into the biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma, as well as the development and utilization of biological fungicides. Keywords Biocontrol Transcriptome Trichoderma harzianum Biocontrol genes
Introduction Biocontrol of fungal plant diseases using Trichoderma spp. has many advantages, including rapid growth, environmental friendliness, and broad-spectrum resistance. As such, Trichoderma spp. are important biocontrol agents for agriculture and forestry (Druzhinina et al. 2011). To determine the mechanisms of biocontrol, it is important to examine the interactions between Trichoderma, plant pathogenic fungi, the host plant, and other environmental components. At present, biocontrol experiments involve molecular genetics, biochemistry, gene engineering, genomics, transcriptom
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