Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environmental Management

The preface of a book often provides a convenient place in which the author can tender his apologies for any inadequacies and affords him the facility to excuse himself by reminding the reader that his art is long but life, or at least the portion of it i

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POLLUTION MONITORING SERIES Advisory Editor: Professor Kenneth Mellanby

Monks Wood Experimental Station, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon

Previous titles include Quantitative Aquatic Biological Indicators by DAVID J. H. PHILLIPS Biomonitoring Air Pollutants with Plants

by WILLIAM J. MANNING and WILLIAM A. FEDER Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants Volume I-Effect of Trace Metals on Plant Function Volume 2-Metals in the Environment Edited by N. W. LEPP Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution by M. H. MARTIN and P. J. COUGHTREY

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF FRESHWATER POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

1. M. HELLA WELL Monitoring Ecologist, IV ature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, UK formerly Principal Scientist, Environmental Aspects, Severn- Trent Water Authority, Birmingham, UK

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© ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1986 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 First edition 1986 Reprinted 1989 British Library Cataloguing in Pnblication Data Hellawell, J. M. Biological indicators of freshwater pollution and environmental management. ~(Pollution monitoring series) I. Freshwater biology I. Title II. Series 574.92'9 024628 QH96 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hellawell, J. M., 1941Biological indicators of freshwater pollution and environmental management. (Pollution monitoring series) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Water quality bioassay. 2. Indicators (Biology) 3. Water quality management. 4. Freshwater ecology. 5. Water~Pollution. I. Title. II. Series. QH96.8.B5H43 1986 628.1'61 86-4441 e-ISBN -13: 978-94-009-4315-5 ISBN -13: 978-94-01 0-8417-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-4315-5 No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. Ail rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording. or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Photoset in Malta by Interprint Limited

Can the rush grow up without mire? Can the flag grow without water?

Job 8: 11

Preface

The preface of a book often provides a convenient place in whi