Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands
This volume summarizes our current understanding of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are omnipresent in dryland regions. Since they cover the soil surface, they influence, or even control, all surface exchange processes. Being one of the oldest t
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Bettina Weber Burkhard Büdel Jayne Belnap Editors
Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands
Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis Volume 226
Series Editors Martyn M. Caldwell Logan, Utah, USA Sandra Dı´az Cordoba, Argentina Gerhard Heldmaier Marburg, Germany Robert B. Jackson Durham, North Carolina, USA Otto L. Lange Wu¨rzburg, Germany Delphis F. Levia Newark, Delaware, USA Harold A. Mooney Stanford, California, USA Ernst-Detlef Schulze Jena, Germany Ulrich Sommer Kiel, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/86
Evolution of biological soil crusts during thousands of millions of years of biosphere development of our planet (for detailed legend and explanations see Fig. 25.2); drawing by B. Bu¨del and F. Spindler
Bettina Weber • Burkhard Bu¨del • Jayne Belnap Editors
Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands
Editors Bettina Weber Multiphase Chemistry Department Max Plank Institute for Chemistry Mainz, Germany
Burkhard Bu¨del Plant Ecology and Systematics Department of Biology University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, Germany
Jayne Belnap Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Moab, Utah USA
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISSN 0070-8356 ISSN 2196-971X (electronic) Ecological Studies ISBN 978-3-319-30212-6 ISBN 978-3-319-30214-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016941282 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland (outside the USA) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
During the last decades, and probably at least partly triggered by the first Ecological Studies volume on this topic (volume 150), biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have quickly gained increasing interest from many audience
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