Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs
Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs, edited by Dr. John T. Tanacredi, Dr. Mark L. Botton, and Dr. David R. Smith, offers proceedings from a ground-breaking 2007 international symposium at Dowling College on the science and conservation of the hors
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John T. Tanacredi David R. Smith
l
Mark L. Botton
l
Editors
Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs
Foreword by Sylvia A. Earle
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Editors John T. Tanacredi Department of Earth & Marine Sciences Dowling College Oakdale, NY 11769-1999 USA [email protected]
Mark L. Botton Department of Natural Sciences Fordham University Fordham College at Lincoln Center New York, NY 10023 USA [email protected]
David R. Smith US Geological Survey Leetown Science Center Aquatic Ecology Lab. 11649 Leetown Rd. Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-0-387-89958-9 e-ISBN 978-0-387-89959-6 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89959-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009921123 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: Front cover inset designed by Carl N. Shuster, Jr. and Valerie Royall. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)
We dedicate this book to Drs. Carl N. Shuster, Jr. and Koichi Sekiguchi for their life-long contributions to the biology and conservation of the magnificent horseshoe crab.
Foreword
Horseshoe crabs, those mysterious ancient mariners, lured me into the sea as a child along the beaches of New Jersey. Drawn to their shiny domed shells and spiked tails, I could not resist picking them up, turning them over and watching the wondrous mechanical movement of their glistening legs, articulating with one another as smoothly as the inner working of a clock. What was it like to be a horseshoe crab, I wondered? What did they eat? Did they always move around together? Why were some so large and others much smaller? How old were they, anyway? What must it feel like to live underwater? What else was out there, down there, in the cool, green depths that gave rise to such intriguing creatures? The only way to find out, I reasoned, would be to go into the ocean and see for myself, and so I did, and more than 60 years later, I still do. When Dr. John Tanacredi, perhaps the horseshoe crab’s best friend, invited me to come to Dowling College to participate in the first international conference about these ‘‘living fossils,’’ I was pleased to join more than 150 scientists from 10 countries to explore the past, present, and future of the creatures that have inspired in all
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