Intestinal Tract Microbe Communities Associated with Horseshoe Crabs from Beibu Gulf, China
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Intestinal Tract Microbe Communities Associated with Horseshoe Crabs from Beibu Gulf, China Pei Wang1,2 · Yi Ning3 · Jingcai Huang2 · Ziru Dai1 · Hong Wang1 · Yujun Wang1,2 · Yongyan Liao1 Received: 3 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Until now, there has been little research on the intestinal microbial community of horseshoe crabs. To fill this gap, we investigated the microbiome composition of the Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, and the mangrove horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal bacterial species and compared the microbial community structure and diversity. Next, we show that the total effective bacterial sequence was 36,865 reads, and the average annotated operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number was 240. Through hierarchical clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis samples from two horseshoe crab species, we found that the intestinal flora of the same horseshoe crab species was relatively concentrated, while the microbiome of a different horseshoe crab species were significantly separated. Cluster analysis showed that two samples, one from Chinese horseshoe crabs and one from mangrove horseshoe crabs, had similar microbial community structure, while other samples were relatively discrete. The gut microbiota of the mangrove horseshoe crab were dominated by the phyla Tenericutes (42.71%), Firmicutes (24.27%), and Proteobacteria (20.39%), while the top three phyla in the Chinese horseshoe crab intestinal tract were Tenericutes (57.19%), Proteobacteria (22.14%), and Bacteroidetes (7.38%). To intuitively understand the similarity and overlap of the OTU composition of each group, we performed Venn diagram analysis. The two species shared 284 OTUs, accounting for 81.8% of the total. This indicates that although there is high similarity between mangrove and Chinese horseshoe crab in gastrointestinal microbial community structure, there are also some differences, which deserve further discussion.
Introduction Horseshoe crabs, which are considered a living fossil [1], appeared on Earth 445 million years ago [2]. Presently, only four species are found in the narrow sea area of eastern Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02140-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
North America and East and Southeast Asia [3]. Two of these species are found in China’s coastal waters: the Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, and the mangrove horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda [4]. Beibu gulf is a semi-closed gulf located in the northern South China Sea between China and Vietnam. This area is the only gathering place of Chinese horseshoe crabs on the planet. In field investigations of the Beibu gulf, abundant
* Hong Wang [email protected]
Yongyan Liao [email protected]
Pei Wang [email protected]
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Yi Ning ningyi2019@1
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