Biomass Accumulation and Nutritional Requirements of Potato as Affected by Potassium Supply
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biomass Accumulation and Nutritional Requirements of Potato as Affected by Potassium Supply Rogério P. Soratto 1,2
&
André L. G. Job 1 & Adalton M. Fernandes 2 & Natália S. Assunção 1 & Fabiana M. Fernandes 1
Received: 10 July 2019 / Accepted: 5 February 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Potassium (K) supply affects the growth and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as well as the uptake and removal of certain nutrients. However, information on this is scarce or inconsistent. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the dry matter (DM) accumulation and the uptake and removal of nutrients by potato ‘Agata’ as affected by K fertilizer management (rates and application timings) in tropical clay soils with varied K availability. In soils with low K availability, K fertilization increased (P ≤ 0.05) the biomass of potato plants without differences among management types; however, in soils with medium and high K availability, K fertilizer did not alter the plant DM accumulation. K fertilization increased (P ≤ 0.05) N, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Mn, and Zn uptake and removal in the soil with low K availability, while in soils with medium and high K availability, K fertilization had less influence on the uptake and removal of nutrients, except that K uptake and removal increased (P ≤ 0.05) under K fertilization, evidencing luxury uptake. In the soil with medium K availability, K application reduced (P ≤ 0.05) Mg uptake by plants, but this effect was not observed in soils with high K availability. Mn uptake and removal increased (P ≤ 0.05) under K fertilization in soils with low and high K availability. The increases in the uptake and removal of almost all nutrients in response to K fertilization were related to the increase in plant DM accumulation, but changes in the concentrations of K and some other nutrients also contributed to their increased uptake and removal. Keywords Solanum tuberosum . K fertilizer . Split application . Mineral nutrition . Nutrient uptake . Nutrient removal
1 Introduction Appropriate management of nutrients is essential to reach high potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield and quality (Alva et al. 2011). Therefore, it is necessary to know the quantity of each nutrient that is required by the crop. Potassium (K) is the nutrient taken up in the largest amounts by potato crops (Alva et al. 2011; Fernandes et al. 2011; Fernandes and Soratto 2012; Khan et al. 2012; Li et al. 2015). This nutrient functions to maintain the vigor of potato plants, positively affecting shoot growth, dry matter (DM) accumulation, and the duration of tuber bulking, with consequent effects on tuber yield and * Rogério P. Soratto [email protected] 1
Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brazil
2
Center of Tropical Roots and Starches, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
quality (Allison et al. 2001; Khan et al. 2012; Moinuddin et al. 20
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