Biomaterials based on chitosan/orange peel as a controlled release matrix for KNO 3 : synthesis, characterization and th
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Biomaterials based on chitosan/orange peel as a controlled release matrix for KNO3: synthesis, characterization and their performance evaluation Alfredo Israel Flores‑Rojas1 · Paola Elizabeth Díaz‑Flores2 · Nahum Andrés Medellín‑Castillo3 · Víctor Manuel Ovando‑Medina4 · Juan Carlos Rodríguez‑Ortiz2 Received: 20 February 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute 2020
Abstract Controlled release fertilizers are chemical products provided with a polymeric layer that offers control over the release rate as one of its main characteristics and are an alternative to traditional fertilization methods. The use of biopolymers like chitosan and food industry residues like orange peel is a viable for the development of biomaterials that can be used as a controlled release medium for fertilizers. Considering the current interest in the development of environmentally friendly materials, biomaterials based on chitosan and orange peel considered an agro-industrial waste were synthesized in this study, which can give added value to the biomaterial by reducing waste disposal and pollution. Biomaterials were synthesized using the ionic gelation method with different concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP 1, 3 and 5% w/v) and tested as controlled release matrices of KNO3. Biomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface charge distribution and zero charge point (PZC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to elucidate their structural properties and to know the release mechanisms. Biomaterials synthesized with 1% TPP showed a 27.3% load and a KNO3 release yield of 12.28 mmol L−1 in a 12-day evaluation period. As a result of the increase in the concentration of TPP, the direct influence on the swelling, loading and release properties of K NO3 was observed, for its part, the use of orange peel as mechanical support did not affect the performance of biomaterials. Keywords Biomaterials · Chitosan · Orange peel · Controlled release · Nitrate
Introduction * Paola Elizabeth Díaz‑Flores [email protected] Juan Carlos Rodríguez‑Ortiz [email protected] 1
Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 2do Piso Zona Universitaria, 78210 San Luis Potosí, México
2
Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Km. 14.5 Carretera San Luis‑Matehuala, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, 78321 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
3
Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, México
4
Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, Carretera a CedrKM5+600, Matehuala, 78700 San Luis Potosí, México
Fertilizers are key to improving agricultural production and their consumption continues to increase rapidly [1]. In recent decades, large amounts of fertilizers have been applied
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