Polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Insulin Release
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meric Hydrogels for Controlled Insulin Release I. L. Valuevа, *, L. V. Vanchugovaа, and L. I. Valuevа аTopchiev
Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 14, 2020; revised March 12, 2020; accepted April 22, 2020
Abstract—On the example of published and new experimental data, it was shown that insulin-containing hydrogels based on copolymers of N-(2-D-glucose)acrylamide and acrylamide crosslinked by Concanavalin A can simulate one of the functions of the pancreas, i.e., they can secrete insulin upon an increase in the glucose concentration in the surrounding medium, including a two-stage mechanism with the maximum rate in the first stage. Keywords: insulin, hydrogel, pancreas DOI: 10.1134/S0003683820050154
INTRODUCTION It is well known that the secretion of any biologically active substance in a living organism occurs when its internal environment changes. At the same time, the body itself determines when, where, and in what quantity this substance should appear. The biochemical reactions underlying this process are studied in order to create the most physiological therapeutic systems capable of modeling it. This research can thus be considered one of the most interesting and practically important tasks of modern applied biochemistry and pharmacology. The study of the biochemical reactions underlying this process, with the aim of designing the more physiological therapeutic systems capable of modeling it, can be attributed to one of the most interesting and practically important tasks of modern applied biochemistry and pharmacology. Obviously, the key role in such systems should belong to the socalled “smart” macromolecular carriers, which can change their characteristics upon a change in the temperature and pH of the medium or the appearance of a new chemical compound therein, which lead to the release of the previously introduced medicinal agent. Such systems were among the first created in relation to the secretion of insulin, the most important pancreatic hormone. It determines the nature of such processes as glucose transport through the cell membrane and its utilization, lipid and protein metabolism, the activation of glycolysis enzymes, etc. This problem was of interest due to the widespread prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a disease caused by insulin deficiency that has been called the “noninfectious epidemic of the 20th and 21st centuries,” as are existing methods of its treatment.
According to the World Health Organization, at present about 300 million people worldwide suffer from this disease, and it is predicted that the number of patients with diabetes will increase to 435 million by 2025. The treatment of diabetes generally comes down to periodic injections of insulin (several times a day). Although the injection of hormones makes it possible to save the lives of most patients with diabetes, it has a fundamental disadvantage. Under physiological conditions, the insulin secreted by the pancreas enters the blood
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