Biomimetic synthesis of vaterite CaCO 3 microspheres under threonine for preparation of pH-responsive antibacterial biof
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Biomimetic synthesis of vaterite CaCO3 microspheres under threonine for preparation of pH-responsive antibacterial biofilm Tingyu Yang1,2, Yu Wu1,2, Xiaoqing Yue1,2, Cuiyan Wang1,2, Jianbin Zhang1,2,a) 1
College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Hohhot 010051, China a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 18 March 2020; accepted: 4 June 2020
The synthesis of antibacterial biomaterial with specific functions responsive to specific bacterial growth environments is of significant importance to achieve effective sterilization and reduce the resistant bacteria. Herein, inspired by biomineralization, we develop a one-pot, threonine (Thr)-mediated biomineralization method using a CO2 bubbling procedure to green, simply and quickly prepare vaterite CaCO3 microspheres as a platform for antibacterial Sanguinarine (SAN) delivery. The loading capacity of vaterite CaCO3 microspheres for SAN drugs reached 159.8 mg/g, corresponding to the loading efficiency of 83.7%. And for the first time, a novel Sanguinarine@calcium carbonate (SAN@CaCO3) organic–inorganic hybrid antibacterial biofilm was constructed by using vaterite CaCO3 microspheres with pH-responsive and high SAN drug-loading. Importantly, the film showed bacteria-triggered, pH-responsive SAN release properties and strong bactericidal ability (96.19%) for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Meanwhile, it also had antibacterial capabilities in real environments. In 7 days, it can significantly inhibit the adhesion and growth of bacteria in the air. The biomineralized synthetic vaterite CaCO3 microspheres and the application in the construction of pH-responsive antibacterial biofilm have bright future in resisting bacterial infections and reducing the production of resistant bacteria.
Introduction Bacterial infection is one of the most challenging tasks in the biomedical fields and remains a serious threat to human lives [1, 2]. Antibiotics are highly effective drugs used to successfully treat bacterial infections. Unfortunately, the overuse of antibiotics has rapidly increased the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [3, 4]. And the emergence of a large number of drug-resistant bacteria is very easy to cause implant-related, blood and body surface infections [1, 2, 3]. Therefore, it is very attractive to be able to construct an intelligent antibacterial film to achieve the on-demand release of antibacterial agents, especially in medical implantation. In this regard, stimulusresponsive materials are attractive in drug delivery because of their ability to release the drugs in response to slight changes in the environment, such as pH [5, 6, 7] and temperature [8]. Many bacteria produce lactic acid and acetic acid during their growth and metabolism processes, leading to the locally acidified environment (pH = 4.5–6.5) [9, 10]. It is an excellent
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