Biophotonics Technology Applications
Biophotonics technologies are widely used in biomedical research, in the detection and treatment of diseases and health conditions, and in point-of-care healthcare clinics. This chapter describes advanced tools and implementations such as optical tweezers
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Biophotonics Technology Applications
Abstract Biophotonics technologies are widely used in biomedical research, in the detection and treatment of diseases and health conditions, and in point-of-care healthcare clinics. This chapter describes advanced tools and implementations such as optical tweezers and optical trapping techniques that enable microscopic manipulation of cells and molecules for exploring biological materials and functions in the micrometer and nanometer regime, miniaturized photonics-based instrumentation functions and devices such as the lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-fiber technologies, microscope-in-a-needle concepts to enable 3-dimensional scanning of malignant tissue within the body, and optogenetics procedures which attempt to explore and understand the mechanisms of neuronal activity in organs such as the brain and the heart.
Biophotonics technologies are being used in a wide variety of biochemical and biomedical research disciplines, in the detection and treatment of various types of diseases and health conditions, and in point-of-care healthcare clinics. This chapter addresses several diverse technologies for such applications. First Sect. 11.1 describes optical trapping schemes and optical tweezers that enable microscopic manipulation of cells and molecules for exploring biological materials and functions in the micrometer and nanometer regime. The basic concept uses two light-induced opposing forces on a microscopic particle. One force originates from the gradient radiation pressure of a focused light beam, and the other force arises from photon scattering, which pushes objects along the propagation direction of the light beam. By balancing or controlling these two forces, a particle can be held stationary or it can be micro-manipulated. Next, Sect. 11.2 addresses the extension to biophotonics of the dramatic miniaturization of devices and circuits in the electronics world that has resulted in products such as compact computers, smartphones, and handheld test equipment. In the biophotonics world, greatly miniaturized photonics-based functions and devices are appearing in the form of lab-on-a-chip technology and lab-on-fiber technology. A key use of lab-on-a-chip technology is in microfluidic devices, which nominally are built on a substrate the size of a microscope slide. Such compact integrated © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 G. Keiser, Biophotonics, Graduate Texts in Physics, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0945-7_11
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11 Biophotonics Technology Applications
biosensors can manipulate and analyze fluid samples in volumes on the order of microliters as the liquids pass through micrometer-sized channels. Lab-on-fiber technology envisions the creation of multiple sensing and analysis functions through the integration onto a single fiber segment of miniaturized photonic devices such as nanoparticle SPR sensors deposited on a fiber tip, fiber Bragg gratings combined with high-index surface coatings, and various types of optical filters. Further miniaturizations have resulted in conce
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