Biorefinery of marine macroalgae into high-tech bioproducts: a review
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REVIEW
Biorefinery of marine macroalgae into high‑tech bioproducts: a review Catalina Filote1 · Sílvia C. R. Santos2 · Valentin I. Popa1 · Cidália M. S. Botelho2 · Irina Volf1 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Pollution and climate change induced by fossil fuel usage are calling for the development of a circular bioeconomy based on carbon neutral resources such as marine macroalgae, also named seaweeds. Macroalgal biomass can generate biofuels and valuable bioproducts such as hydrocolloids and other unique biomolecules. Biorefinery of marine macroalgae involves a minimum use of energy and chemicals, and low waste generation, as demonstrated in recent laboratory-scale studies. Here, we review biorefinery of marine macroalgae with focus on non-energy bioproducts and advances in the separation of biomolecules. We found that metabolites with bioactive properties are in high demand for food, cosmetic, medicine and pharmaceutical industries. These metabolites can be obtained together with energy products to improve macroalgae valorization. Emerging extraction methods facilitate the generation of more qualitative bioproducts in higher yields with less energy. Keywords Marine macroalgae · Biorefinery · Biobased products · Bioresource · Bioeconomy · Circular economy
Introduction The increasing demand for fossil fuel resources, which is likely to expand the carbon emissions by 26% until 2030 (BP Global 2013), as well as the finite nature of this feedstock, indicates that urgent solutions are required to find renewables that can provide an alternative in order to ensure a sustainable future and meet society’s growing demands. A suitable replacing feedstock would need to address environmental and economic issues related to climate change, energy security and oil prices, as well as to support the transition to a circular economy. In the quest of changing a fossil-based economy for a bioeconomy, algae have gained more and more attention (Jung et al. 2013). The advantages of algal biomass production and processing have been acknowledged in many studies (Milledge et al. 2014; Scaife et al. 2015; Ghadiryanfar * Irina Volf [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Bioresources (Med‑Res Lab), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 67, Professor Dimitrie Mangeron street, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering– Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE‑LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200‑465 Porto, Portugal
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et al. 2016; Kawai and Murata 2016; Schiener et al. 2016). In comparison with first and second generation biofuels obtained from lignocellulosic biomass, the third generation biofuels which are generated from micro- and macroalgae, constitute a better alternative due to the lack or very little amount of lignin in the chemical structure of algae and the fact that their growth does not interfere with terrestrial fo
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