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BIOCONVERSION (SK BRAR AND G KAUR, SECTION EDITORS)

Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Biorefinery: an Insight into Commercialization and Economic Standout Rahul Saini 1 & Carlos Saul Osorio-Gonzalez 1 & Krishnamoorthy Hegde 1,2 & Satinder Kaur Brar 1,2 & Sara Magdouli 1 & Pierre Vezina 3 & Antonio Avalos-Ramirez 4

# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Abstract Purpose of Review The present review aims to provide the current status of lignocellulosic biomass–based biorefinery. Besides, this review discusses the key routes of lignocellulosic biomass commercialization through biomass types, availability, storage, transportation, and conversion. The economical overview has been presented by discussing several techno-economic articles and reasons for several setbacks in lignocellulosic-based biorefineries have been presented. Recent Findings Several techno-economic studies on lignocellulosic biomass have shown that the decisive factor in the scale-up of the lignocellulosic biomass-based industry is its complexity. With the change in lignocellulosic biomass type or complexity, its conversion at the pilot-scale would be halted which could lead to project or plant shutdown. In addition, other factors that play a crucial role in commercialization are biomass availability, transportation, and conversion cost. Summary This review indicates the important parameters involved in the techno-economic analysis required for the scale-up of lignocellulosic biomass. These findings would provide the reader with the cost distribution of biomass conversion, problems associated with changing the biomass type and complexity, and the importance of life cycle assessment to foresee the potential effect on scaling-up the lignocellulosic-based biorefinery. Keywords Advanced pre-treatment . Economic assessment . Lignocellulosic biomass . Scale-up . Commercialization

Introduction Renewable energy has received substantial attention due to its ability to meet energy demands while augmenting the Rahul Saini and Carlos Saul Osorio-Gonzalez contributed equally to this work. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Bioconversion * Satinder Kaur Brar [email protected]; [email protected] 1

Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada

2

INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada

3

Directeur énergie et environnement, Conseil de l’industrie Forestière du Québec, 1175 Avenue Lavigerie Suite 200, Québec, QC G1V 4P1, Canada

4

Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologies Environnementales, 2263, Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, QC G9N 6V8, Canada

economic growth and the awareness about environmental impacts reduction, in particular, those related to fossil fuel usage [1]. Most of the countries like Canada, Finland, France, and USA have announced several policies to reduce the usage of coal-based energy and showed interest in the production of biofuels from renewable biomass such as lignocellulosic bio