Bioregulators: unlocking their potential role in regulation of the plant oxidative defense system
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REVIEW
Bioregulators: unlocking their potential role in regulation of the plant oxidative defense system Faisal Zulfiqar1 · Muhammad Ashraf2 Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Key message Plant bioregulators play an important role in managing oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Utilizing their ability in stress sensitive crops through genetic engineering will be a meaningful approach to manage food production under the threat of climate change. Abstract Exploitation of the plant defense system against oxidative stress to engineer tolerant plants in the climate change scenario is a sustainable and meaningful strategy. Plant bioregulators (PBRs), which are important biotic factors, are known to play a vital role not only in the development of plants, but also in inducing tolerance in plants against various environmental extremes. These bioregulators include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, polyamines, strigolactones, and ascorbic acid and provide protection against the oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species through modulation or activation of a plant’s antioxidant system. Therefore, exploitation of their functioning and accumulation is of considerable significance for the development of plants more tolerant of harsh environmental conditions in order to tackle the issue of food security under the threat of climate change. Therefore, this review summarizes a new line of evidence that how PBRs act as inducers of oxidative stress resistance in plants and how they could be modulated in transgenic crops via introgression of genes. Reactive oxygen species production during oxidative stress events and their neutralization through an efficient antioxidants system is comprehensively detailed. Further, the use of exogenously applied PBRs in the induction of oxidative stress resistance is discussed. Recent advances in engineering transgenic plants with modified PBR gene expression to exploit the plant defense system against oxidative stress are discussed from an agricultural perspective. Keywords Antioxidant machinery · ROS detoxification · Reactive oxygen species · Oxidative stress · Phytohormones · Transgenic crops
Introduction Food security is generally referred to as when nutritious food is sufficiently available at all times to people living on the globe (FAO 1996). While food security or agro-productivity are under immense pressure due to a rapid increase in the human population along with an associated conversion of land from food production to residential or industrial use, changing life styles, low soil fertility/water quality, soil erosion and global climate changes (Savvides et al. 2016;
* Faisal Zulfiqar [email protected] 1
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Russell et al. 2020). Among these, climate change is seen as a major and exacerbating issue for crop producti
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