Bioremediation of Industrial Effluents by Aerobic Bacterial Granules
Aerobic bacterial granules are a special kind of biofilm composed of the self-immobilized cell without support material and used in the various wastewater treatment processes due to their efficiency and stability. Their compact structure, wide microbial d
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Abstract Aerobic bacterial granules are a special kind of biofilm composed of the self-immobilized cell without support material and used in the various wastewater treatment processes due to their efficiency and stability. Their compact structure, wide microbial diversity, and good settling ability offer better separation of treated water. Other advantages of these granules are high bioactivity and toxicity tolerance where bacterial extracellular polymeric substances provide protection to the residing microbial community. They are potentially valuable in terms of investment cost, energy consumption, and efficiency; their stability in highly toxic pollutants and high strength organic load remains the crucial factor for their industrial commercial application. This chapter exploits state-of-the-art aerobic granulation technology, effective reactor operating conditions, and potential applications of aerobic granules in the bioremediation of different pollutants from industry as well as in the environment. An attempt has been made to correlate the long-term stability of aerobic granules with a spatial selection of microbial community structure, substrate concentration, and feeding cycles. The factors that can help to improve the efficiency, stability, and reuse of aerobic granules were also discussed. Keywords Aggregation · Aerobic granules · Immobilization · Extracellular polymeric substances
K. M. Kodam (B) · V. R. Thamke · A. U. Chaudhari Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India e-mail: [email protected] S. S. Adav (B) Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 A. Tripathi and J. S. Melo (eds.), Immobilization Strategies, Gels Horizons: From Science to Smart Materials, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7998-1_16
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Abbreviations ABGs AHL AI-2 ATP CLSM COD DGGE EPS FISH FITC HRT KI Km OLR P PCR PNP QS SBR V max VSS
Aerobic bacterial granules N-acyl-homoserine lactone Autoinducer-2 Adenosine triphosphate Confocal laser scanning microscopy Chemical oxygen demand Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Extracellular polymeric substances Fluorescence in situ hybridization Fluorescein isothiocyanate Hydraulic retention time Inhibitory constant Michaelis–Menten constant Organic loading rate Phosphorus Polymerase chain reaction P-nitrophenol Quorum sensing Sequencing batch reactor Maximum velocity Volatile suspended solids
1 Introduction Aerobic bacterial granules are self-immobilized highly dense microbial consortium used in biological wastewater treatment. The granular sludge was first observed in the late 1970s in the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (Lettinga et al. 1980). However, anaerobic granulation technology has numerous drawbacks such as the long start-up period, a relatively high operating temperature, and less efficiency in removal of nitroge
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