Biorheological Action of Ascaris lumbricoides Larvae on Human Erythrocytes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biorheological Action of Ascaris lumbricoides Larvae on Human Erythrocytes Patricia Ponce de Leo´n • Gonzalo Del Balzo Bibiana Riquelme
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Published online: 19 September 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Previous studies have shown that A. lumbricoides extracts capture sialic acid (SA) from human red blood cells (RBC). The aim of this work was to study hemorheological alterations in vitro caused by parasite larvae. The biorheological action of three larva concentrates of first and second larval stage on group O erythrocytes was analyzed by incubating the erythrocyte packed together with an equal volume of larvae (treated RBC) and PBS (control RBC). Distribution and parameters of aggregation (digital image analysis), aggregation kinetics (erythroaggregameter), and viscoelasticity (erythrodeformeter) were measured. The digital image analysis showed that all the larvae diminished the isolated cells percentage and increased the size of the formed aggregates. The aggregate formation velocity was lower in the treated than in the control. The deformability
index (ID) values of treated RBC did not present variations with respect to those of the control, but a decrease in the erythrocyte elastic modulus (lm) and membrane surface viscosity (gm) values was observed, indicating that the larvae not only induced a diminution in the membrane surface viscosity of RBC but also altered the dynamic viscoelasticity of the membrane. Experiments carried out in vitro support the conclusion that the contact between larvae and RBC produces hemorheological alterations. Keywords A. lumbricoides Biorheological action Viscoelasticity Erythrocyte aggregation
Introduction
P. Ponce de Leo´n ´ rea Parasitologı´a. Fac. Cs. Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, A UNR, Rosario, Argentina G. Del Balzo ´ rea Quı´mica Clı´nica Analı´tica, Fac. Cs. Bioquı´micas y A Farmace´uticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina G. Del Balzo B. Riquelme (&) ´ ptica Aplicada a la Biologı´a, Instituto de Fı´sica Grupo de O de Rosario, CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] B. Riquelme ´ rea Fı´sica. Fac. Cs. Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, A UNR, Rosario, Argentina
Ascaris lumbricoides produces one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in the world. In its life cycle there are larval stages that circulate in the bloodstream, which allows the parasite to have direct contact with the host erythrocyte during the migration [1, 2]. Sialic acid residues (SA) of the erythrocyte surface are primarily responsible for the charge of red blood cells (RBC), making them key elements of hemorheological and hemodynamic behavior. The decrease in SA promotes aggregation and consequently increases the viscosity of the blood, disrupting blood flow and favoring the interaction of RBC to vascular endothelium [3, 4]. In previous experiences, it has been reported that A. lumbricoides can modify the erythrocyte charge [5–7]. The objective of the present work was to study hemorheological alterations in vitro obtained by contact
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