Exposure to Toxocara spp. and Ascaris lumbricoides infections and risk of allergic rhinitis in children
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Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology Open Access
RESEARCH
Exposure to Toxocara spp. and Ascaris lumbricoides infections and risk of allergic rhinitis in children Iraj Mohammadzadeh1, Sorena Darvish2, Seyed Mohammad Riahi3, Solmaz Alizadeh Moghaddam4, Mohammad Pournasrollah1, Mousa Mohammadnia‑Afrozi4 and Ali Rostami2,4*
Abstract Background: Substantial experimental studies suggest a role for helminthes infections in the pathogenesis of allergies, but epidemiologic data have been inconsistent. Unlike to asthma, the association between helminthes infection and allergic rhinitis (AR) has been poorly studied. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the association between exposure to Ascaris and Toxocara infections and AR. Methods: We did an age- and gender-matched case–control study of 81 children with physician-confirmed AR and 101 control subjects in a referral hospital for pediatric diseases in northern Iran. Exposure to Ascaris and Toxocara infections was evaluated by anti-A. lumbricoides- and anti-Toxocara- IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Ascaris seropositivity was higher in children with rhinitis than in controls (12.34 vs. 3.96%). Ascaris seropositivity was positively associated with AR in univariate analysis (OR, 3.42; 95% CI 1.03–11.3; P value = 0.035), but this association was not significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 1.85; 95% CI 0.42–8.18). Also Toxocara seropositivity was higher in children with AR than in healthy subjects (3.7% vs. 0.99), indicating nonsignificant association with AR in both univariate (OR, 3.84; 95% CI 0.39–37.7) and multivariate analyses (OR, 0.8; 95% CI 0.04–15.44). Conclusion: Our results revealed that AR is not associated with seropositivity to Ascaris and Toxocara infections in general; however, a higher seropositivity rate was found for both parasites in children with AR. More studies with longitudinal design and larger sample size are needed to elucidate this association. Keywords: Toxocara spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Seropositivity, ELISA, Allergic rhinitis Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most prevalent and increasing inflammatory allergic disorders, affecting about 40% of the world population in all ages, with a great peak in the childhood [1, 2]. It is a global health problem, and although isn’t life-threatening but can *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
cause significant adverse impacts on quality of life and emotional well-being, including poor sleep quality, poor performance in work or school, impaired cognitive function, poor social life, fatigue, and depression and anxiety [3]. AR is caused by IgE-mediated early- and late-phase hypersensitivity responses and characterized by pruritus
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