Biosorption Characteristics of Cu(II) and Cd(II) Ions by Modified Alginate
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biosorption Characteristics of Cu(II) and Cd(II) Ions by Modified Alginate Tuğba Alp Arıcı1 · A. Safa Özcan2,3 · Adnan Özcan2,3
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, a novel biosorbent was prepared by the modification of sodium alginate with thiosalicylic acid in the presence of calcium ions (TS-A). TS-A was then characterized and its removal performance for Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from the aqueous solutions was investigated. The effects of batch and column parameters on the biosorption were systematically investigated. The obtained data from the biosorption results were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum biosorption capacities of TS-A were found as 426.9 mg g−1 for Cu(II) ions and 592.9 mg g−1 for Cd(II) ions. In the column system, the saturation points of TS-A were obtained as 180 min and 150 min for Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. In conclusion, TS-A has provided the removal of heavy metal ions with superior performance by a smart biosorption method, offering advantages such as rapid kinetic and high biosorption capacities. Keywords Alginate · Thiosalicylic acid · Biosorption · Heavy metals · Modification
Introduction Discharging large amounts of lethal heavy metal ions including copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, mercury and chromium into the environment after industrial activities (automotive, metal plating, mining and nuclear activities etc.) are one of the main environmental problems that need to solve urgently [1]. Copper is an essential element for the human body but its acute doses cause metabolic disorders, such as hair loss, anemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and jaundice [2]. The allowed limit value of Cu in drinking water by USEPA is 1.3 mg L−1 [3]. Cadmium is another highly toxic metal and it has been described as a carcinogen for the human body and a priority pollutant [4, 5]. Cadmium causes Itai-Itai, a disease in which patients exhibit a wide range of symptoms, * Adnan Özcan [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Technology, Emet Vocational School, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, 43700 Kutahya, Turkey
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
including low-grade bone mineralization, high fracture rates, increased osteoporosis, and intense bone pain [5–7]. The value of the concentration limit for Cd(II) ions which is reported by the World Health Organization in drinking water is 3 μg L−1 [8]. The effective removal of these heavy metal ions from water is important for the survival of living beings. Biosorption, which is a powerful and economical method, is applied to remove pollutants by using biologically based solid supports with high biosorption capacity [9–11]. Therefore, it is an important objective for researchers to investigate new biosorbents with the above-mentioned
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