Biosorption properties of Morus alba L. for Cd (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions
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Biosorption properties of Morus alba L. for Cd (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions Huseyin Serencam & Duygu Ozdes & Celal Duran & Mehmet Tufekci
Received: 10 June 2012 / Accepted: 6 November 2012 / Published online: 27 November 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract The abundantly available industrial waste product Morus alba L. pomace (MAP) is one of the cost-effective biosorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to test the ability of MAP to remove Cd(II) ions through batch biosorption process. Firstly, MAP was characterized using several techniques, and then the influence of various experimental parameters such as initial pH of the aqueous solution, initial Cd(II) concentration, contact time, MAP concentration, and temperature were evaluated upon the biosorption process. It was found that the maximum uptake of Cd(II) ions occurred at initial pH 6.0 and optimum contact time was observed as 60 min. Cd(II) ions adsorption on MAP analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of MAP was found to be 21.69 mg g−1 by using the Langmuir isotherm model. The H. Serencam Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey D. Ozdes Gumushane Vocational School, Gumushane University, 29100 Gumushane, Turkey C. Duran (*) : M. Tufekci Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models were employed to describe the biosorption kinetics. In order to investigate the thermodynamic properties of the biosorption process, the changes in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) were also evaluated and it has been concluded that the process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in the temperature range of 5–40 °C. Keywords Biosorption . Removal . Morus alba L. pomace . Cadmium . Kinetics . Thermodynamics
Introduction High industrial activity is a sine qua non for a healthy economy, but this comes with a price; one of which is heavy metal pollution. Most of the industrial processes including milling, textile, metal plating, stabilizers, battery manufacturing, metallurgical alloying, and mining operations discharge heavy metals into the environment, namely rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwater. In addition to the toxic and other harmful effects to the living organisms in water, heavy metals can also enter the food chain and may affect human health as well (Akar et al. 2009; Bhat et al. 2008; Ozdes et al. 2011; Forstner and Wittman 1981). Cadmium is one of the most common toxic metals that take place in various industrial processes. The half-life of cadmium is in the range of 10–30 years.
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The accumulation of cadmium in human body affects kidney, bones, and causes acute and chronic metabolic disorders, such as itai-itai disease, renal dysfunction, lung damage, emphys
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