Biotechnology of Miscanthus
Miscanthus x giganteus is a natural hybrid C4 grass genotype of great size and of a proven utility for biomass cropping, but its growing range is restricted by cold susceptibility. New requirements for fermentability and many other characteristics have al
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Biotechnology of Miscanthus S. J. Dalton
Abstract Miscanthus x giganteus is a natural hybrid C4 grass genotype of great size and of a proven utility for biomass cropping, but its growing range is restricted by cold susceptibility. New requirements for fermentability and many other characteristics have also arisen over the last 10 years. However, the Miscanthus x giganteus genotype is not very easily included in breeding programmes because it is a sterile triploid hybrid and cannot produce seed. The genetic resources of the parental species M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus and related species are being collected, studied and analysed using many new genomic and transcriptomic molecular tools. Breeders have selected new cultivars from within the genetic pool of Miscanthus sinensis and have also created new Miscanthus x giganteus and other interspecific hybrids. There is also progress in creating new intergeneric hybrids with close relatives such as sugarcane and sorghum. Initially the main purpose of biotechnology research was to develop cheaper micro-propagation methods for Miscanthus x giganteus, because rhizome propagation was so expensive. More recently, methods of in vitro polyploidy have been developed in the hybrid and two parental species, which will allow the creation of new hybrid combinations and the exploitation of the greater size of polyploids. Genetic transformation by particle bombardment and via Agrobacterium has also been achieved relatively recently and is now being applied to several characteristics potentially involved with fermentation for ethanol production.
Abbreviations ABA AFLP AOA
Abscisic acid Amplified fragment length polymorphism Alpha-aminoxyacetic acid
S. J. Dalton (*) Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK e-mail: [email protected]
S. M. Jain and S. Dutta Gupta (eds.), Biotechnology of Neglected and Underutilized Crops, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5500-0_11, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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BAC Bacterial artificial chromosome BAP 6-benzylaminopurine Bar Basta resistance gene CH Casein hydrolysate 2,4-D 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid DH Doubled haploid DHPS Sulfonamide herbicide resistance gene DMSO Dimethylsulphoxide EST Expressed sequence tag FAEA Ferulic acid esterase gene FAE Ferulic acid esterase G418 Geneticin GBS Genotyping-by-sequencing GA3 Giberellic acid GFP Green fluorescent protein Gfp Green fluorescent protein gene GUS β-glucuronidase Gus β-glucuronidase gene HB Holley and Baker medium Hpt Hygromycin resistance gene IAA Indole acetic acid IBA Indole-3-butyric acid 2Ip 2-isopentenyladenine KIN Kinetin MAS Marker assisted selection MES 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid MET Methionine MS Murashige and Skoog medium NAA Napthelene acetic acid nptII Neomycin phosphotransferase gene PBZ Paclobutrazol PHB Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid pinII Potato proteinase II gene PPT Phosphinothricin PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone QTL Quantitative trait loci xyn2 Xylanase gene RAD Restriction site associated DNA RAPD R
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