Environmental Biotechnology

Volume 10: Environmental Biotechnology in the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series presents the theories and principles of various environmental biotechnologies. This outstanding collection of science information is designed as a basic Environment

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V OLUME 10 H ANDBOOK OF E NVIRONMENTAL E NGINEERING

Environmental Biotechnology Edited by Lawrence K. Wang, PhD, PE, DEE Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, MA Krofta Engineering Corporation, Lenox, MA Zorex Corporation, Newtonville, NY

Volodymyr Ivanov, PhD Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Joo-Hwa Tay, PhD, PE Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Yung-Tse Hung, PhD, PE, DEE Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH

Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, MA, USA Krofta Engineering Corporation, Lenox, MA, USA Zorex Corporation, Newtonville, NY, USA [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Volodymyr Ivanov Nanyang Technological University School of Civil & Environmental Engineering Singapore [email protected] Dr. Joo-Hwa Tay Nanyang Technological University School of Civil & Environmental Engineering Singapore [email protected] Dr. Yung-Tse Hung Cleveland State University Cleveland, OH, USA [email protected]

ISBN: 978-1-58829-166-0 e-ISBN: 978-1-60327-140-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-140-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941061 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010  All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Dedications The Editors of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series dedicate this volume to late Thomas L. Lanigan (1938–2006), the founder and former president of Humana Press, who encouraged and vigorously supported the editors and many contributors around the world to embark on this ambitious, life-long handbook project (1978 to present) for the sole purpose of protecting our environment, in turn, benefiting our entire mankind. The Editors of this Handbook series also would like to dedicate this volume to Dr. Jao Fan Kao (1923–2008) of National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. Dr. Kao was the founder and former Professor of the University’s Department of Environmental Engineering. He educated over 1,500 environmental and civil engineers to serve the planet of earth. Both Dr. Lawrence K. Wang, Chief Editor, and Dr. Yung-Tse Hung, Co-editor, were Dr. Kao’s students at National Cheng Kung University.

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