Brain Drain and Gender Inequality in Turkey

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the brain drain from Turkey, with particular focus on its gender dimension. The author presents a review of brain drain literature, as well as analyzing the brain drain from Turkey using original survey data.

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Brain Drain and Gender Inequality in Turkey

Adem Yavuz Elveren

Brain Drain and Gender Inequality in Turkey

Adem Yavuz Elveren Fitchburg State University Fitchburg, MA, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-90859-5    ISBN 978-3-319-90860-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-319-90860-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018944118 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Abstract Bricks and Shadows © Stephen Bonk/Fotolia.co.uk Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

̇ To my elder sister, Süheyla Inan

Acknowledgments

I am indebted to Gülay Toksöz for her supervision, to Ünal Töngür for his constant help, and to my daughter, Asya, for picking the cover design. I appreciate the generous support of the Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities, Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry on the brain drain survey. However, needless to say that the opinions expressed in this book are my own and do not reflect the view of the institution.

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Contents

1 Introduction   1 2 Brain Drain: Causes and Consequences   7 3 Brain Drain in Turkey: A Literature Review  23 4 A Brain Drain Survey  63 5 The Transformation of Regime and Gender Inequality in Turkey 109 6 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations 131 Appendix 137 Index 169

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List of Abbreviations

AKP Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) ̇ ̇ BIDEB TÜBI TAK Directorate of Science Fellowships and Grant ̇ Programmes (Bilimsel Insanı Destekleme Daire Başkanlığı) CCT Conditional Cash Transfer Progra