Occupational Gender Segregation in Turkey: The Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions
- PDF / 951,830 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 54 Downloads / 205 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Occupational Gender Segregation in Turkey: The Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions Cigdem Gedikli1
© The Author(s) 2019
Abstract This paper investigated occupational gender segregation and its vertical and horizontal dimensions in Turkey. In order to explore the extent of inequality entailed in occupational gender segregation (measured by the vertical dimension), average pay levels across occupations were used. In addition to the economic inequalities captured by pay, aiming to explore the social inequalities inherent in occupational segregation, Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale scores across occupations were used. The results showed that the extent of inequality associated with occupational gender segregation was substantial, operating to the detriment of women. Women were more likely to be employed in lower-paid jobs and in occupations that ranked lower across the overall stratification structure, while men remained at an advantaged position in terms of both the pay levels and the positions of the occupations they held in the social hierarchy. Keywords Gender · Occupational segregation · Inequality · Pay · Social stratification · Turkey
Introduction Although family structures and social values are changing and challenging the male breadwinner norm, evidence based on time-use or equivalent surveys shows that women continue to allocate more time to unpaid domestic work than do men (Kan 2008; Sevilla-Sanz et al. 2010). Women across the world leave their jobs upon marriage or having children, or they move into lower-paid and lower-status, mostly part-time jobs upon their return to employment after motherhood (Connolly and Gregory 2008). This translates into a segregated workforce, with women typically engaging in clerical and service work and with men dominating the production and managerial occupations (Anker et al. 2003; Charles 1990). Regardless of the level of economic development, it seems that there is a degree of occupational segregation. However, the extent varies across countries, depending mainly on the structure of the post-industrial economy (for example, the size of the service sector and the prevalence of part-time employment and flexible working conditions) and on the shift from traditional to more egalitarian norms and * Cigdem Gedikli [email protected] 1
School of Management, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
cultural attitudes towards women and employment (Bettio and Verashchagina 2009; Charles 2003; Dolado et al. 2003). This paper investigates occupational gender segregation using data for Turkey and building on the longstanding interest in exploring the inequality associated with women’s segregation into certain occupations. Shifting from unidimensional index measures such as the index of dissimilarity (ID) (Duncan and Duncan 1955) or the Karmel MacLachlan Index (IP) (Karmel and MacLachlan 1988) to a multidimensional approach, the research analyzed segregation and inequality separately and differentiated between
Data Loading...
